学生版笔译（II）讲稿
第一讲 分译、合译法
1. 分译法 1.1分句法
【例1】 The classification of civilization as the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and Iron Age depends principally on the kinds of tools used. 【译文】
【例2】Work, therefore, is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as noting in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days（南京农业大学，2008） 【译文】
【例3】It is also a world where some are left further and further behind – those who are not educated, those trapped in poverty and violence, those for whom equal opportunity is just a hollow phrase. ( TEM8, 2007) 【译文】
【例4】We are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 【译文】
【例5】 For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. （武汉理工大学，2008） 【译文】
1.2分叙法
【例1】 We dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with the ship.( TEM8,1993) 【译文】
【例2】 Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. 【译文】
【例3】The lack of proprieties would make the most intimate friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the friendly or allied countries declare war against each other.（上海对外贸易学院，
2004） 【译文】
【例4】The line outside the stock exchange was filled with excited talkers and check writers. (北京外国语大学，2000) 【译文】
【例5】 It‘s China‘s sincere wish and also to the interest of the United States to expand bilateral trade and economic co-operation. 【译文】
1.3 拆离法
1.3.1 拆英语单词为汉语分句
【例1】 She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 【译文】
【例2】Jordan can not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. 【译文】
【例3】Hugh Walpole, that greatly gifted novelist taught school after leaving Cambridge, and very sensibly began by writing about school teaching.（北京师范大学，2007） 【译文】
【例4】Later Miss Coulson dutifully came in to inquire how the gout was progressing. (O.Henry, The Marry Month of May)
【译文】
1.3.2 拆英语短语为汉语分句
【例1】I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. (山东师范大学，2009) 【译文】
【例2】 It was only the confirmation of the dark presages which had long gone before. (William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 【译文】
【例3】As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists.（上海外国语大学，2006） 【译文】
【例4】They had just enough money and influence to make themselves disliked in a poor community. (北京外国语大学，2002) 【译文】
【例5】A writer's work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place. （中国人民大学，2007） 【译文】
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【例6】Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you haven‘t planted. 【译文】
1.3.3 拆英语从句为汉语单句或复句
【例1】There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money.（北京科技大学，2008） 【译文】
【例2】September 11 delivered both a shock and a surprise—the attack and our response to it—and we can argue forever over which mattered more. （武汉大学，2008） 【译文】
1.4 综合分译法
【例1】I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income. 【译文】
【例2】Do you share the view that too many people are talking too much about China? 【译文】
【例3】The conjunction of Soapy's receptive state of mind and the influences about the old church wrought a sudden and wonderful change in his soul. (O.Henry, The Cop And The Anthem ) 【译文】
【例4】A focus on factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept, verbal reasoning skills and creativity—some of the key ingredients of intelligence—revealed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average 3.63 points higher.（北京航空航天大学，2007） 【译文】
2. 合译法
2.1将英语两个或两个以上简单句译成汉语一个单句
【例1】Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. (TEM8, 2005) 【译文】
【例2】The result of the Civil War was not just the triumph of the abolitionists over the slave-owners. It was also the triumph of the industrial North over the agrarian South.（上海大学，2004） 【译文】
【例3】Homeless, they have a hundred homes. They flit from furnished room to furnished room, transients forever—transients in abode, transients in heart and mind. (O.Henry, The Furnished Room) 【译文】
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【例4】He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. (大连理工大学，2005) 【译文】
【例5】Sometimes the hardest thing about being Secretary of State is managing relations with 191 other countries across the globe. And sometimes it‘s just making nice with three or four of your colleagues in the Cabinet.（天津外国语学院，2006） 【译文】
【例6】The white-washed walls are brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.（上海外国语大学，2005） 【译文】
2.2 英语并列句译成汉语单句
【例1】In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends. 【译文】
【例2】The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with a decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air. 【译文】
【例3】The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They would not move. 【译文】
【例4】She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 【译文】
2.3 将英语主从复合句译成汉语单句
【例1】When you apply for graduate degree courser in Oxford, you should contact University of Oxford directly. 【译文】
【例2】 The paper said that the foreign agents had infiltrated the Egyptian government and engineered Sadat’s overthrow. 【译文】
【例3】It is now strictly true that scarcely a fly or mosquito can be seen in the town and cholera and smallpox are no more. 【译文】
2.4 将英语一个简单句和一个并列句（或复合句）合译成汉语单句（或复句） 【例1】A report this week from the London Assembly takes a sterner line. In fact, radios failed to work, medical supplies were lacking, some ambulances arrived inexplicably late and traumatized people were left to wander off.（北京航空航天大学，2010） 【译文】
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【例2】 In the third place, property makes its owner feel that he ought to do something to it. Yet he isn‘t sure what.（上海财经大学，2007） 【译文】
【例3】They are not content with merely taking care of what‘s already there. They want to move forward to create something new.（南京理工大学， 2007） 【译文】
【例4】The study also investigated the relationships between BMI and cognitive function in 2223 healthy men and women between the ages of 32 and 62 in France through the use of four cognitive tests. The study found a higher BMI was associated with lower cognitive test scores. （南开大学，2007） 【译文】
2.5 英语两个复合句（或一个复合句一个并列句）合译成一个汉语复句
【例1】We ordered the decommissioning of the two large Navy yachts that had been maintained exclusively for the President's use. We also tried to cut down on the numbers and security requirements of the Secret Service who were always with us．（东北财经大学，2007） 【译文】
【例2】 Suppose you ignore the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. （华中师范大学，2008） 【译文】
【例3】Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the word mean to them: layoff. And no kinder, gentler‖ can do much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come with losing a job.（北京外国语大学，2009） 【译文】
第二讲 被动语态的译法
1. 翻译成主动句
1.1 译成一般的主动句
1.1.1原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语
【例1】That machine-made goods can be well designed and good-looking no one now denies;（TEM8,1992） 【译文】
【例2】By comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class.(TEM8,1995)
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