【例1】But such successes as he has are what make the thing worth doing.(中国人民大学，2007) 【译文】
【例2】The traditional view of services has been that they are something performed by one individual for another.（浙江工商大学，2009） 【译文】
【例3】That is why, in recent years, people are earning more but their savings have dropped. （国际关系学院，2008） 【译文】
【例4】Stories are what make our condition human. (北京师范大学，2007) 【译文】
4. 同位语从句的译法 4.1前置法
4.1.1 译成前置定语
将同位语从句内容置于先行词前做它的定语。
【例1】In the cases of the snowdrift, the fog and the war, there was, however, another element-namely, the fact that everybody was feeling alike. (重庆大学，2005) 【译文】
【例2】 Four score and seven years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.（上海大学，2004）
【译文】【例3】The findings, which held true for all classes and levels of parental education, overturn a 100 year consensus that men and women average the same in general mental ability.（北京航空航天大学，2007） 【译文】
【例4】The announcement that all flights were cancelled because of bad weather greatly distressed the waiting passengers. 【译文】
4.1.2 译成外位结构
【例1】Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26. (TEM8,2000) 【译文】
【例2】 The knowledge that they are there in plain view is both stimulating and refreshing.（天津外国语学院，2009） 【译文】
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【例3】The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.(TEM8,2000) 【译文】
【例4】 The claim that technology-based approaches to language learning are supportive of autonomy rests in part on an assumption, shared with resource-based approaches, that they provide learners with opportunities to self-direct their own learning. （湖南大学，2007） 【译文】。
4.1.3 译成前置的同位语
【例1】They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.（北京航空航天大学，2007） 【译文】
【例2】When the work week shrinks, it is going to be difficult indeed for father to preach to his children the old gospel that “the devil finds work for idle hands”. （中国海洋大学，2005） 【译文】
4.2 后置法 4.2.1译成宾语从句
【例1】And what makes these thoughts all the more disturbing is the knowledge that our fate could perhaps be sealed twenty or more years before the development of symptoms.（北京外交学院，2007） 【译文】
【例2】I do have the feeling that all stories by one writer tend to spring from the same source within him.（浙江工商大学，2008） 【译文】
【例3】And, after boasting this way of my tolerance, I come to the admission that it has a limit. (四川外语学院，2006) 【译文】
【例4】 Though in real purchasing power we earn on average three times what people earned in the Fifties, there is good evidence that we rate ourselves not one jot happier. （上海交大，2006） 【译文】
4.2.2 加字法
译文中加上“认为”、“觉得”、“说”、“即”等字眼，再接译同位语从句的内容。 【例1】―And now comes the statement that with some sharp instrument three holes had been
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made in the bottom. Does not this strike you as very strange?‖ 【译文】
【例2】The medical profession is dedicated to the proposition that anything that can defeat disease and prolong life is a good thing. 【译文】
【例 3】And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter.（南京农业大学，2008） 【译文】
【例4】The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. （南京理工大学，2009） 【译文】
4.2.3加标点法
译文中加上冒号、破折号等标点符号，再接译同位语从句的内容。
【例 1】I have a fearful feeling that I never should have married Maxim, that we are not going to be happy. (Daphne du Maurier, Rebacca, simplified by A.S.M. Ronaldson) 【译文】
【例 2】The United States takes deserved pride in the vitality of its economy, which forms the foundation of our high quality of life, our national security, and our hope that our children and grandchildren will inherit ever-greater opportunities. (北京外国语大学，2008) 【译文】
【例 3】 It had to be so for the simple reason that the twentieth century is the century of planetary overcrowding. （西南财经大学，2007） 【译文】
【例 4】Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter, in turn, may be created from energy. 【译文】
4.3 融合法
主句和同位语从句穿插融合成一个汉语简单句。
【例 1】There was danger that this rudder would be torn away as well. 【译文】
【例 2】There is every probability that the fire will spread to the main street. 【译文】
【例3】There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by robots. 【译文】
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【例4】When I was half way down the passage I had a curious feeling that I must go back and look once more. (Daphne du Maurier, Rebacca, simplified by A.S.M. Ronaldson) 【译文】
4.4 转译法
【例 1】The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching
has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. （华中师范大学，2008） 【译文】
【例 2】Regions are a basis for cooperation among states only to the extent that geography coincides with culture. （国际关系学院，2006） 【译文】
第四讲 定语从句的译法
定语从句主要涉及限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。此外还有一类定语从句，是带有状语职能的定语从句（或称为半状语性定语从句），其功能与翻译亦值得细加斟酌。
1. 前置法
【例1】Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amilia, the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship, Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley‘s for ten days before she took the new job.（华东师范大学，2008） 【译文】
【例2】We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. (TEM8,1995) 【译文】
【例3】The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. 【译文】
【例4】The remainder were those who were permanently or indefinitely severed from their jobs. （上海海事大学，2008） 【译文】
【例5】Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this.（北京科技大学，2008） 【译文】
【例6】That which was dead, or so it seemed, has come to life again; the stiff branch, supple; the brown earth, green. （中国人民大学，2003）
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【译文】
【例7】People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. (西安交通大学，2005) 【译文】
【例8】Women who take an instinctive pleasure in their children can get this kind of satisfaction out of bringing up a family.（南开大学，2007） 【译文】。
【例9】The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.（上海外国语大学，2009） 【译文】
【例10】Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained seed of theatre because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. （南京理工大学，2009） 【译文】
【例11】Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellowmen. （北京第二外国语学院，2002） 【译文】
【例12】We should not attempt to make a science out of translating, since it is essentially not an isolated discipline, but a creative technology, a way of doing something which employs insights from a number of different disciplines. （北京第二外国语学院，2008） 【译文】
2. 后置法
2.1 先述后提法
指先叙述中心词的修饰内容，再用“这”、“这样的”、“”这一切“、这种”、“这些”等词语加以追叙，予以呼应。
【例1】However, it does say something significant concerning better opportunity in an arena that, until very recently, might as well have hung “Blacks Not Allowed” signs. （深圳大学， 2007） 【译文】
【例2】We have been growing up in a nation where, according to the gospel of a famous football coach, winning is not the most important thing—it is the only thing. （深圳大学， 2007） 【译文】
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