1 will work hard,and try to improve. 我将努力工作，并设法改进。
want后面跟动名词通常表示“需要”；跟不定式，通常表示“想要”。例如： The house wants repairing. 这屋子需要修理了。
Somebody wants to see you，sir. 先生，有人想见你。 ④作定语
I have a hearing aid. 我有一副助听器．
The reading room of the library is a larges square hay. 这个图书馆的阅览室是一个大方厅。
(3)动名词一般式被动语态的用法：动名词一般式表示一般性的动作概念，不明确动作发生的时间（如现在、过去或将来），有主动语态和被动语态，例如：
Learning English is not so easy as you thought.（主动） 学习英语不是像你想象的那么容易。
This matter is far from being solved.（被动） 这件事远未解决。
Before being used the recorder should be tested.（被动） 这台录音机在使用前应测试一下。
(4)动名词完成式的用法：动名词完成式用来表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，它也有主动语态和被动语态。例如：
He mentioned having translated the article into Chinese.（主动） 他提到已把这篇文章译成中文了。
After having been treated the water can be used for raising fish.（被动） 此水经处理后可以用来养鱼。
(5)动名词的逻辑主语：动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语，作为该动名饲所表示的动作的发出者。用作动名词逻辑主语的词类有：物主代词、名词所有格（即名词后加”s”，意为“??的”；复数名词如以s结尾，则其后面只加“”’）、名词的普通格（或人称代词宾格）。例如：
Please excuse my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断了你的话。
We all thought Xiao Wang's giving up his job a great mistake. 我们都认为小王放弃他的工作是个大错误。 I don't like young people(them)smoking. 我不喜欢年轻人（他们）抽烟。 3．分词( The Participle)
(1)分词的构成：分词的时态和语态，以动词do为例：
A．现在分词：由原形动词+ ing构成。如saying，having，running等。 B．过去分词：分两类，一类是规则动词，由原形动词+ed构成，如allowed，improved，等；一类是不规则动词，如drunk，spoken，eaten等，需记忆。
②现在分词和过去分词的区别
A．在时态上：通常现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成。如： the developing countries 发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家
B．在语态上：通常现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如： the oppressing class 压迫阶级
the oppressed class 被压迫阶级
(2)分词（或分词短语）的用法：在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 ①作表语
They are interested in music. 他们对音乐感兴趣。
用在系动词be（或be的变化形式）后面作表语的分词，其中大部分已被看作是形容词：
②作定语：可放在被修饰的名词的前面成后面：
A．单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词的前面。有时为了强调，某些过去分词, 如known，required，used等，也放在被修饰的词的后面。例如：
The floating needle of a compass always points north and south. 指南针的浮针总是指着南北方向。
The liberated people have become masters of the country. 解放了的人民已经成了这个国家的主人。
B. 分词短语作定语时，一般总是放在它所修饰的名词之后。例如： Most of the students studying in the school are young people. 在这个学校里学习的大多数学生是年轻人。
This is the laboratory set up by the students themselves. 这是学生们自己建立起来的实验室。 注意：
a．现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。 Give the application to the man sitting at that desk. 请把申请表交给坐在那个桌子前的人。 The room facing south is our bedroom. 这间朝南的房间是我们的卧室。
b．过去分词作定语时，表示的动作或是在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。
The rider injured in the traffic accident was taken into hospital. 在交通事故中受伤的骑车者被送到医院里去了。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。
③作状语：分词或分词短语作状语时，说明谓语表示的动作发生的时间、条件、原因、结果，伴随情况、行为方式或对谓语加以补充说明等。
A．表示时间、条件、原因等一般放在句子开头或句子中间，表示结果则放在句末。有时为了强调或明确分词或分词短语所指的是时间，前面可加When，while；所指的是结果，前面可加thus。例如：
Working in the plant, we learnt a lot from the workers.(=When we worked:..) 在工厂劳动的时候，我们从工人那里学到了很多东西。
Given better instructions. the water melons could have grown bigger.(=lf they had been given.)
要是指导工作做得更好一点，西瓜可以长得更大。
Not knowing her address, I can?t visit her personally. (=As I don?t know.…) 由于不知道她的地址，我无法亲自去拜访她。
When heated, ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)
冰受热时，就会变成水。
The train was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay. 火车被暴风雪所阻挡，因此造成晚点。 B．表示伴随情况、行为方式或补充说明，这种分词短语一般不能用状语从句代替，它通常放在句末，但也有放在句首的。
I sat by the window, watching TV and reading the book. 我靠窗坐着，边看电视边看书。
④作补足语：分词或分词短语可作补足语。要求分词或分词短语作补足语的常见的动词，多为“感觉”和“致使”动词，有：feel（感觉到），find（发现），get（使得），have（使，让），hear（听见），imagine（想象），keep（保持），make（使），notice（注意到），see（看见），let（使），smell（嗅到），start（使??开始），watch（注视，看）
All of us heard somebody singing in the next room. 我们所有人都听到有人在隔壁房间里唱歌。
He was seen going away. 有人看见他走过去。
在“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语补足语所表示的动作是由别人来完成的。如：
Have this note sent to the manager. 请派人把这张便条送给经理。
有些动词可由不定式作补足语，又可由分词作补足语。用不定式着重说明所发生的事情用分词着重强调动作进行的情景。例如：
We saw him climb up the fence. 我们看见他爬上了篱笆。 We saw him climbing up the fence. 我们看见他往篱笆上爬。
⑤作分词独立结构：分词或分词短语用作状语时，一般说明句子的谓语。分词所表示的动作（或状态）的主体，一般是句子的主语，但有时分词或分词短语还可带自己的动作主体，一般用名词或代词表示，放在分词前面。这种结构称为分词独立结构。例如：
Time permitting,they will start to do a new job.（条件） 如果时间允许，他们要开始一项新的工作。
The experiment finished,we left the lab and went home.（时间） 实验结束后，我们离开实验室回家了。 八、连词( Conjunction)
连词，起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。
（一）连词分类
1．并列连词：是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子。 并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both and, not only?but also, either or, neither nor, still等。
2．从属连词：用来引导状语从句。
从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if,as though, although, suppose that, provided that, in case that, on condition that等。
(二)连词的用法 1． 并列连词： 并列连词 and 作用 连接单词 连接短语 举例 My brother and I study in the same school. Our knowledge may come from the books and from practice. 连接句子 But, or for still Not only…but also Or 表示否则 We are singing and they are dancing. Hurry up or you will be late. Nothing but 除了，只有 I did nothing but watch it. 表示后面的句子是原因 He is good at maths for he studies harder than others. 表示后句概念由前句转折而来 The weather is very cold, still we needn?t wear more clothes. 不仅…而且。可并列主、Not only he but also I am a teacher. 谓、宾、表及句子。主句并列时，谓语要就近原则 以及，同样。并列单词、He works as well as he can. 短语、句子。并列主语，动词要随前面的主语变化 既…又，或…或，并列Either come in or go out. 主、谓、宾、表、状语 既不…也不，并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近原则 和，既…也，并列主、谓、宾及表语 因此，所以，不和because 连用 Neither you nor he speaks French. As well as Either…or Neither…nor Both…and Nor so I can play both football and basketball. 也不，引导句子要倒装 He can not speak English, nor can I. You like apple, so do I. 2． 从属连词 从属连词 after Although/ though As 作用 举例 表示“时间”，在??之后 After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory. 表示让步，“尽管” Although she is young, she knows a lot. 表示时间，“当??时”，As it was late. we must go now. 方 式”像??”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然” 表方式，“似乎、好像” 表条件，“只要” He told such a story as though he had been there before. As long as I am free, I' ll go to help you. As if/ as though As long as/ so long as As soon as I will phone you as soon as I come back. 表时间，“一??就??” I have to stay in bed because I am ill.
because 表原因，“因为” before Even if/ even though Hardly when If 表让步，“即使” 表时间，“在??之前” You should think more before you do it. You should try again even if you failed. 表时间，“（刚）一??就” Hardly had I entered the gate when the bell rang. “假如”，引导条件状语从句 “是否”，引导宾语从句 What should I do if the rain doesn ' t stop? I don ' t know if he comes back or not. You should be more careful in case there is a fire. We study hard in order that we can pass the exam. In case In order that No matter + 疑问词 表目的，“以防，以免” 表目的，“为了，以便” 表让步，“无论，不管” No matter what you do , you should try your best. No sooner…than 表时间， “刚一??就??” No sooner had I come home than it began to rain. 表原因，“既然，因为，由 Now that 于” 从属连词 作用 once 表时间，“一旦?? Since Now that the crops are in, we can start to make preparations for winter sowing. 举例 Once you know the rules, you' ll have choice to obey them. He has been in this company since he left 表耐间，“自从??以来” school. 表原因，“既然，由于” Since the job is dangerous, let' s do it more carefully. so far as/ as far 表条件，“就??而言，As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak 就 ??而论” in English. Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly. He got up so late that he missed the bus. Things were worse than we thought. So that 表目的“以便” So… that unless Until/till When Whether 表结果“如此，以致” than 表示比较，“比” 表条件，“除非，如果不” I will go to the zoo unless it rains. 表时间，“直到??为止” I' ll wait till he comes back. 表时间，“当…时候” 是否，引导名词性从句 表让步，不管/无论、是否 When they got there, the train has left. Whether he can come to see us is unknown. Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy. While he was in Beijing, he visited the While 表时间，当…时