常考短语 hold a meeting / party hold back hold one’s breath hold on hold on to hold out hold up hold together 开会/举行晚会 阻挡；隐瞒；抑制 屏息，不出气 等着；挺住；坚持住；别挂断 抓住，保住 伸出，坚持下去，维持 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞 连在一起，团结一致 例句
(1)Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back. (2)—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please. (3)The little boy held out his hands.
I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer. (4)Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work.
keep
常考短语 keep away from keep back keep down keep off keep on keep out keep up keep up with… = catch up with… keep an eye on （比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意） keep one’s appointment keep busy doing keep … from doing 避开，别靠近 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下 抑制（以防其增长） 继续进行 勿踏，勿踩 避开，挡住，不接近 挡在外边，请勿靠近 跟上，赶上 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落 注视，留心，注意，照顾 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约） 忙着做某事 阻止……做，不让……做 例句
（1）I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.
（2）Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.
（3）While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.
（4）He kept on telling us the same story over and over.
（5）You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his
words.
（6）Danger! Keep out!
Will this overcoat keep the rain out? （7）The rain kept up all night.
I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work. The good news keeps our spirits up.
（8）He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. （9）Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.
(10)There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”
look
常考短语 look ahead look after look about look around look back on look down on/upon look for look forward to look into look (right) into sb.’s eyes look on/upon …as look out (for...) look over look sb.over look round look through look up look up to sb.
向前看 照看，负责处理 环顾 环视四周 回忆，回顾 看不起 寻找 盼望，期待 调查，了解，研究,窥视 直视着 旁观,把…看作，认为 注意； 留意； 留神(……) 审阅，检查 上下打量（某人） 寻找，边走边看，观光 翻阅，浏览，仔细查看 向上看，查阅，看望 钦佩、敬仰某人 例句
(1) I still shudder when I look back on the past. 想起过去，我仍然不寒而栗。 (2)I must look up the time of your train.
A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.
（3）I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.
（4）She is well-educated but she looks down on people who haven’t been to college.
她受过良好的教育，却瞧不起没上过大学的人 (5)The police are looking into the cause of the accident. 警方正调查事故原因。
(6)Look out. There’s a car coming! 当心!汽车来了! While shopping here, you must look out for pickpockets. 在这里购物时，你一定要留意扒手。
(6)I had a few minutes before the meeting to look over what he’d written. 在会前我有几分钟时间来快速查看他写的内容。 He looked her over and nodded lightly. 他上下打量她，然后微微点了点头。 （7）We looked on her as a daughter.
我们把她当作女儿看待。
Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on．旁观 (8)The boy is old enough to look after himself.
(9)He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city. （10）We are looking forward to hearing from you soon. （11）He looked through his notes before writing the report.
make
常考短语 make out make up (费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成 make up for 弥补，补充，补偿 made up one’s mind 下决心 make a commitment 承诺，保证 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of… 弄懂……的意思 make fun of 取笑 make (full) use of …= make the most / (充分)利用 best of … make a choice 做出选择 make a comment / comments (on / （对……）发表评论 upon…) make a (great) contribution to… make a decision make a (no) difference make a face / faces make a promise make (both) ends meet make mistake about… make oneself at home make one’s way to… make into [比较：be made in 在……生产/制造 be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化） be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化） be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……构成] 例句 (1)Bamboo is also made into paper.
(2)Our desks and chairs are made of wood.
(3)The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood. (4)This engine is made up of 490 parts.
The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.
These days many girls make up when they are still quite young. There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made her up. Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence. (5)Everyone should make full use of time.
(6I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it. (8) They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.
为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款 做出决定 （没）有关系/影响 扮鬼脸 承诺 使收支相抵 犯了……错误 不拘束，别客气 往……走去 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品） pay
常考短语 pay attention to … pay a visit to sb / a place pay back pay for pay off pay sb a visit pay the bill 例句
(1)Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you/it back tomorrow. 你能借给我一些钱吗？我明天还你。
He swore he’d pay her back for all she’d done to him. 他发誓他要为她所做的一切报复她。
It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s rainy.
对……注意，留心…… 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地） 偿还（借款），报答，报复 付款，付费，付代价 （比较：pay a high price for … 付高价） 还清（欠款） (付出得到)回报 拜访某人 买单，付帐单 这给了我一个机会，去回报雨天时人们给我的帮助。 (2) The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.
(3)We should be able to pay off the debt within two years. 我们应该两年内能还清债务。
All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. 她所有的努力最后都得到了回报，她终于通过了考试。
He won the first prize in the competition.Years of hard work had at last paid off.
他在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的艰苦工作终于得到了回报。 (4)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.参观
常考短语 pick off pick out pick up pick
摘下来 挑选出, 选好; 认出, 看清楚 拾起，捡起；收拾；整理； (偶然)学会； 用车接某人；收听到；身体好转
例句
(1) She picked up the little book and gave it to him．拾起 He has picked up some bad habits at that club．沾染
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris．(非正式)学到 Pick me up at the hotel．接(人)
This room must be picked up before the guests arrive．整理，收拾 The class picked up the story where they had left it．继续讲(故事) We picked up the radio signals on our receiver．接收 His spirits picked up when he got the good news. 当得知好消息后，他精神焕发。
The economy is finally beginning to pick up again. 经济终于又开始有所好转?
(2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see?挑选 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?认出 His story was picked out as the best by the judges.
It took Mary a long time to pick out a new dress at the store. 玛丽花了很长时间才从那家商店挑选了一件新衣服。
常考短语
put
put aside put away put back put down put forward 把……放在一边；留出（钱或时间等） 节省；储蓄；忽视，置之不理 把……收好；储蓄，存储 放回原处，拨回（时钟），阻碍，推迟 扑灭；平息；记下 提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前