二 ○ 一 ○届 毕 业 论 文
地裂缝曲率与弯曲度研究
学 院: 地质工程与测绘学院 专 业:地理信息系统专业 姓 名:王含琦 学 号:2605060114 指导教师:李斌 完成时间:2010.06.08
二〇一〇年六月
毕业设计(论文)报告纸
摘 要
目前而言,地裂缝的危害已经越发严重,而国内定量研究地裂缝数据的资料却少之又少。若能够较为精确的描述地裂缝的空间形态,对地裂缝危害的防治和预防,将有重要意义。本文中对地裂缝进行了形态分析,地裂缝空间形态特指地裂缝的空间几何特征,地裂缝的空间几何特征可由长度、分数维、曲率和弯曲度等形态参数进行描述和概括。
本文主要从地裂缝曲线曲率和弯曲度的计算、解求入手,试图以定量分析的方法,来揭示地裂缝的空间几何特征。本文以西安地裂缝为例来探求地裂缝的曲率及弯曲度的计算方法。
本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:1对地裂缝,地裂缝造成的危害和地裂缝的防治以及国际和国内对地裂缝的研究现状进行阐述;2曲率和弯曲度的理论原理;3运用ArcGIS和MATLAB进行地裂缝曲率和弯曲度的计算,并对其进行分析、总结,为进一步揭示地裂缝的空间几何形态提供基础。
关键字: 地裂缝,曲率,弯曲度
第 I 页
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ABSTRACT
Now, the ground fissures have been more serious harm, while internal data quantitative information on land but very few cracks.If able to crack a more precise description of the spatial structure of the ground fissure hazard control and prevention, there will be significant.This article on the morphologies of the ground cracks, ground fissures space form Tezhi to crack the space geometry, cracks can be the length of the space geometry, fractal dimension, curvature and the bending degree of morphological parameters described and summarized.
This paper from the ground cracks and bending curvature, the calculation, Solutions of starting, trying to quantitative analysis to reveal the geometry of space to crack.In this paper, ground fissures in Xi'an as an example to seek to crack the curvature and curvature calculation.
The main research includes the following aspects: 1-to-ground cracks, ground fissures and ground cracks harm prevention as well as international and domestic situation on the ground fissures were described research; 2 curvature and the curvature of the theoretical principles; 3 application ArcGIS and to crack MATLAB for the calculation of curvature and curvature, and analyze, summarize, in order to further reveal the cracks in the space to provide the basis for geometry.
Key words:Ground fissures,curvature
第 II 页
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第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1研究的大背景:中国大陆全面进入地震活跃期 ............................................... 1 1.2地裂缝的概念和形成原因 ................................................................................... 1
1.2.1地裂缝的定义 .............................................................................................. 1 1.2.2地裂缝的形成原因 ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 地裂缝的危害和防治 .......................................................................................... 2 1.4 对地裂缝曲率和弯曲度进行研究的必要性 ...................................................... 3 1.5 关于地裂缝研究的国内外现状 .......................................................................... 4 1.6 本文研究对象——西安地裂缝 .......................................................................... 4 第二章 曲率与弯曲计算理论计算模型 ........................................................................ 6
2.1 曲率计算 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 弯曲度计算 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.3 曲线插值与曲线光滑 .......................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 线性插值 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 分段三次多项式插值 ................................................................................. 8 2.4本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 12 第三章 计算方法设计 .................................................................................................. 13
3.1ArcGIS介绍 ......................................................................................................... 13 3.2计算对象的选择 ................................................................................................. 15 3.3地裂缝选点 ......................................................................................................... 15 3.4工具软件MATLAB简介 ................................................................................... 17 3.5使用MATLAB进行曲线拟合 ........................................................................... 18 3.6曲率计算 ............................................................................................................. 22 3.7AutoCAD软件简介 ............................................................................................. 23 3.8弯曲度计算 ......................................................................................................... 24 总结 .................................................................................................................................. 26 致谢 .................................................................................................................................. 27 参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... 28 附录(曲线拟合具体结果) ............................................................................................ 29
第 III 页
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第一章 绪论
1.1研究的大背景:中国大陆全面进入地震活跃期
随着我国大陆全面进入地震活跃期,地裂缝大量产生,地裂缝作为一种表生地质灾害现象,在世界许多国家都有发现,尤其在一些经济发达人口稠密的大中型的城市,其发生频率与灾情状况更是逐年加剧,对人类社会造成的危害日趋严重。尽快研究地裂缝的形态,已经是迫在眉睫,而且对地裂缝的研究也有了更进一步的要求。
1.2地裂缝的概念和形成原因
1.2.1地裂缝的定义
地裂缝是地表岩、土体在自然或人为因素作用下,产生开裂,并在地面形成一定长度和宽度的裂缝的一种地质现象,当这种现象发生在有人类活动的地区时,便可成为一种地质灾害。
图1 地裂缝
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