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现在时（以动词do为例） do (does) am 现在进行时 is doing are have 1.过去开始并持续到现在；2.过去发生的现在完成时 done 动作但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响 has have 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的现在完成进行 been doing 动作（中间基本无停顿），并且很可能将时 has 继续进行下去 根据表中所述内容，上面列举的四个汉语的例句与相应的英语译文对比如下： 时态 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 汉语 我每天步行上班。 妈妈正在看书。 他已经病了三天了。 他从上课开始一直在说话。 英语 I walk to work everyday. My mother is reading. He has been ill for 3 days. He has been talking since the beginning of the class. 一般现在时 形式 主要用法 1.经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；2. 客观事实或普遍真理 现在正在进行的动作 【强化练习】 判断下列句子的时态
1) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2) Mary is doing her homework.
3) My mother has been ill for three days. 4) I have been looking for you everywhere.
5) They are discussing how to sell the goods elsewhere. 6) My mother works at the same company as my father. 7) She has been waiting for her boss for almost an hour. 8) I have not seen her since 1991. 9) Japan lies to the east of China. 10) What are you doing? 【练习解析】
1) 一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数the sun，所以两个动词rise和set的词尾都加上了
-s；
2) 现在进行时，主语Mary是第三人称单数，所以be动词采用的是is；
3) 现在完成时，主语my mother是第三人称单数，所以助动词have采用的是has； 4) 现在完成进行时，主语为第一人称；
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（http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389）欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 5) 现在进行时，主语they是复数，所以be动词采用的是are；
6) 一般现在时，主语my mother是第三人称单数，所以动词work的词尾加上了-s； 7) 现在完成进行时，主语she是第三人称单数，所以助动词have采用的是has； 8) 现在完成时，主语为第一人称；
9) 一般现在时，主语Japan是第三人称单数，所以动词lie的词尾加上了-s； 10) 现在进行时，主语为第二人称。 【巩固练习】（五）
1. 判断下列各句的时态：
1) We have been living here for 20 years 6) She studies very hard.
already. 7) It’s been snowing. 2) He is reading outside. 8) The teacher is talking with his students. 3) He has just come back. 9) We go there once a week. 4) Light travels faster than sound. 10) We’ve been waiting for you. 5) I have studied English since I was ten. 2. 用括号中动词的适当时态填空
1) I __ (look) for my book all the morning.
2) Tom __ (sing) well. He __ (sing) a song now.
3) I cannot go out because I __ (not, finish) my homework.
4) He can speak two foreign languages. Now he __ (learn) a third one. 5) He usually __ (drink) coffee but today he __ (drink) tea.
6) Mary __ (pass) all her examinations. Let’s have a party and celebrate it. 7) You __ (speak) too fast. I can not understand you.
8) He __ (sleep) since ten o’clock. It’s time for him to get up. 9) My daughter __(watch) TV every other day. 10) I __ (not, see) him for three years. 二、过去时 【语法讲解】
相对于现在时，过去时就是将事件发生的时间向过去推移。下面将现在时和过去时进行对比：
过去时（以do为例） 一般式 进行式 形式 did （动词过去式） was doing were had done（动词过去分词） 用法 过去某时发生的动作或状态 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 完成式 完成
had been doing 7
1.过去某个时间或某个动作之前 就已经完成的动作；2.过去某个 时间开始延续到过去另一个时间 的动作 过去某个时间以前开始并延续到 更多优质自考资料尽在百度贴吧自考乐园俱乐部
（http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389）欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 进行式 过去这个时间的动作 【特别提醒】 动词过去式和过去分词的规则变化为在动词后面直接加-ed，而不规则变化则需要特殊记忆。 【强化练习】
判断下列句子中黑体字部分的时态
1) He said that he had written her a letter. 2) He lived in London when he was young.
3) The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before somebody answered it. 4) I was doing my homework when he called me. 5) I went to school at six.
6) He often came to help me at that time.
7) Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year. 8) When I saw her, she was working at the computer. 9) We were surprised at what she had done. 10) I waited until he had finished his work. 【练习解析】
1) 过去完成时，had written表明在said这个过去的动作之前就已经结束的动作； 2) 一般过去时，表明过去发生的动作；
3) 过去完成进行时，表明过去开始并延续到somebody answered it这个时间的动作； 4) 过去进行时，表明在he called me这一时刻正在发生的动作； 5) 一般过去时，表明过去发生的动作； 6) 一般过去时，表明过去发生的动作；
7) 过去完成进行时，表明过去开始并延续到he decided 这个时间的动作； 8) 过去进行时，表明在I saw her这一时刻正在发生的动作； 9) 一般过去时，表明过去发生的动作；
10) 过去完成时，had finished表明在waited这个过去的动作之前就已经结束的动作。 【巩固练习】（六）
1. 判断下列各句的时态：
1) We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 2) I was writing a paper in the library at 3 yesterday afternoon. 3) The train had left before we got to the station. 4) He was here just now.
5) She bought the bike two years ago.
6) The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 1983. 7) I saw him yesterday.
8) It had been raining before you came back. 9) We were having a meeting when he came in.
10) By the end of 1993, this factory had produced 200000 cars. 2. 用括号中动词的适当时态填空
1) When I came, the students __ (do) their homework.
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（http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389）欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 2) The teacher was very angry when he __ (see) what the boys __ (do). 3) When I arrived, the class __ (begin).
4) When the teacher came to the classroom, they __ (do) their homework for an hour. 5) I __ (share) a flat with him when we __ (be) students twenty years ago.
6) She __ (not, pass) the exam yesterday because she __ (not, prepare) her lessons well. 7) You __ (seem) very busy when I __ (see) you last night. 8) I __ (find) the ring as I __ (dig) the garden.
9) By the time Tom left school, he __ (learn) English and French. 10) He said that he __ (work) at it for half an hour. 三、将来时 【语法讲解】
相对于现在时，将来时就是将事件发生的时间向将来推移。下面将现在时和将来时进行对比：
将来时（以do为例） shall will work 进行式 Shall be working 将来某一时刻正在进行的动作 will 完成式 Shall have worked 将来某个时间或某个动作之前 will 就已经完成的动作 【特别提醒】 1） 在美国英语中不论是第几人称，将来时都可以用“will +动词原形”。 2） 由于将来完成进行时很少使用，这里将不作介绍。 3） 一般将来时除了有will (shall)的构成形式之外，还有：
A. am (is, are) going to +动词原形，表最近打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情。 B. am (is, are) about to +动词原形，表示即将发生的动作。 C. am (is, are) to +动词原形，表必须或计划要进行的动作。
【强化练习】
判断下列句子的时态
1) We won’t be free tonight.
2) This time next week she will be working in that company.
3) I’ll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening. 4) They will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
5) We shall be having a business talk with Mr. Brown in a minute. 6) The birds will have moved to the south before winter comes. 7) He is going to meet Mary at the airport. 8) The train will arrive soon.
9) I’ll be waiting for you at school after supper.
10) We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.
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一般式 形式 用法 将来发生的动作或情况 更多优质自考资料尽在百度贴吧自考乐园俱乐部
（http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389）欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 【练习解析】 1) 一般将来时； 6) 将来完成时，表明到将来某时间将要完2) 将来进行时，表明将来某个时间正在发成的动作；
生的动作； 7) 一般将来时；
3) 将来完成时，表明到将来某时间将要完8) 一般将来时；
成的动作； 9) 将来进行时，表明将来某个时间正在发
4) 一般将来时； 生的动作； 5) 将来进行时，表明将来某个时间正在发10) 将来完成时，表明到将来某时间将要完
生的动作； 成的动作。
【巩固练习】（七）
1. 判断下列各句的时态： 1) He will come and help you.
2) By this time next year, I shall have lived here for 20 years. 3) I’ll be back at 7:30 this evening.
4) By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach. 5) Hurry up! Or she will have left before we get there. 6) It’s going to rain.
7) The lecture is about to begin.
8) Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute. 9) We are to put up a new school by the river.
10) By the end of this term, the students will have learned 2000 English words. 2. 用括号中动词的适当时态填空 1) I __ (believe) it when I see it.
2) By six this evening, my parents __ (return) from their work.
3) You’d better go back now. Your mother __ (wonder) where you are. 4) I’m sure that you __ (go) with me.
5) The film __ (start) by the time we get there. 6) I’ve reminded you once; I __ (not, do) it again. 7) This shop __ (close) down by next week. 8) When you arrive, I __ (pick) fruit.
9) In a few days’ time, we __ (fly) over the Pacific.
10) By the end of this month, they __ (complete) the road construction. 四、过去将来时 【语法讲解】
过去将来时主要用来表示过去某一时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态，可以看成时一般过去时和一般将来时的合并。过去将来时（以do为例）的形式如下：
1） would (should) do 2） was (were) going to do 3） was (were) about to do 4） was (were) to do
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