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(http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389)欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 用are。) 2.2 倒装句
倒装句中的主语在谓语动词之后,因此找准主语是决定谓语动词单复数的关键。例如: On the bridge are three pretty girls. 站在桥上的是三个漂亮的小姑娘。(girls是句子的主语) Seldom have I seen her so unhappy. 我从来没见过她如此不高兴。(I是句子的主语) 【强化练习】
1. 请选择括号中正确的动词形式。
1) One of the following statements (is, are) true?
2) The house, together with the garden, (is, are) for sale. 3) Our team (is, are) playing well in the first half. 4) Beside the bed (is, are) two armchairs.
5) Neither he nor his sisters (is, are) in favor of the idea.
6) The family (is, are) of two opinions as to the traveling plan. 7) Being rich overnight (is, are) too good to be true.
8) The disabled (is, are) a group of people who (is, are ) in need of help. 9) 500 meters (is, are) a long distance for a three-year-old boy to walk. 10) The poor (is, are) going to buy anything beyond necessities. 【练习解析】
1) is 根据语法一致原则,谓语动词的数与主语one的数保持一致。 2) is 谓语动词与the house保持一致。
3) is our team是集体名词,在这里被当作一个整体来看,谓语用单数。 4) are 倒装句,主语是two armchairs。
5) are 就近原则,his sisters 与谓语动词最近。
6) are family是集体名词,在这里强调家庭中的每个成员,谓语用复数。 7) is 动名词做主语,谓语用单数。
8) are, are the +形容词泛指一类人,谓语用复数。在定语从句中,谓语动词与做主语
的people的数一致。
9) is 500 meters是距离作主语,谓语动词用单数。
10) are the+形容词作主语,指一类人,谓语动词用复数。 2. 用动词的正确形式填空。
1) Either the doctor or the nurses ____ (see) her last letter; it can’t be lost. 2) That he left home ____ (make) everyone upset.
3) Whether they want to go or not ____ (remain) a problem. 4) The police ____ (be) busy scattering the crowd.
5) Love and affection ____ (be) the only theme he is interested in.
6) He is one of the lucky guys who _____ (escape) this cruel treatment. 7) A series of books _____ (publish) on this well-established topic. 8) The producer and main character of the film _____ (live) here.
9) Following this letter, there ____ (come) another three letters from the same address. 10)Many a boy ____ (love) basketball in America.
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(http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389)欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 【练习解析】
1) have seen 就近原则 2) makes 从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。 3) remains 从句做主语,谓语动词用单数。 4) are police为使用复数形式的谓语动词的集体名词。 5) is love and affection都是主题theme中的一部分。
6) have escaped 定语从句的主语是它所修饰限制的复数名词guys。
7) has been published 根据语法一致原则,a series of 引导的主语,谓语用单数。 8) lives The producer and main character指的是同一个人。(注意:两个名词前只有一
个冠词)
9) have come/ came 倒装句,主语为another three letters. 10) Loves many a形式上为单数,因此谓语动词用单数。但many a 意思上为复数。 【巩固练习】(十)
1. 请选择括号中正确的动词单复数形式。
1) In theory, every person (has, have) access to education. 2) It (is, are) modern technology that leads us to success. 3) He holds very odd beliefs that (is, are) hard to understand. 4) (Is, Are) everything going well in your office? 5) There (come, comes) the bus.
6) Some of the books (is, are) very well written, but none of them (is, are) suitable for our
purpose. 7) So in effect the government (has, have) lowered their working efficiency.
8) Banking staff (is, are) to be given more training to help them deal with armed robbers. 9) Consideration for other people (is, are) what he lacks all his life. 10)Do you have any books that (deal, deals) with rail travel in France? 2. 用动词的正确形式填空。
1) Her lawyer and lifelong friend ____ (be) going to help her. 2) Everyone ____(talk) at the top of his voice now.
3) The poor in this country ______ (decide) to move away.
4) Neither my mother nor I _____ (be) going to sign this contract.
5) To follow what the teacher is saying _____ (seem) a big challenge to the little boy. 6) People of this kind _____ (become) rare and rare in this materialized world.
7) The operation will be on tomorrow, even though its chances of success _____ (be) low. 8) This new discovery, in addition to other findings, _____ (be) able to put him to jail. 9) As ____ (know) to all, water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
10) More than one person _____ (express) his or her disapproval on this new plan up to now.
第四讲 【巩固练习】(十)答案
1. 请选择括号中正确的动词单复数形式。
1) has 2) is 3) are
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4) Is 5) comes
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(http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389)欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 6) are, is 7) have 8) are 9) is 10) deal 2. 用动词的正确形式填空。 1) is
2) is talking
3) decide / have decided 4) am 5) seems
6) are becoming 7) are
8) will be 9) is known 10) has expressed
第五讲 宾语 (Object)
一、宾语的位臵和定义 【语法讲解】 在英语中,宾语有两个位臵:1)主动句中的及物动词之后,表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者;2)介词之后。 1. 及物动词
动词是表示动作或状态的词。根据动词的意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语。实义动词还可根据其是否需要宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后面只有加宾语意义才能完整,而不及物动词本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语。例如:
1)He has finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。(名词homework和物主代词his构成的名词短语作及物动词finish的宾语)
2)He can run fast. 他能跑得很快。(run在本句中是不及物动词,不能接宾语;fast是副词,在本句中作状语)
系动词作谓语时,后面接的是表语。情态动词在句中不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语(例如上面例句2)中的can就是情态动词,它和run一起构成本句的谓语);助动词在句中也不能单独作谓语,常和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态语气等动词形式,以及用于否定和疑问等结构中(例如上面例句1)中的has就是助动词,它和finish一起构成本句的谓语,表示现在完成时)。 2. 介词
介词又叫前臵词,放在名词、代词或相当于名词的词前面,而这些名词、代词或相当于名词的词叫做介词宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。例如:
We haven’t seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没有看到她了。(名词time和不定冠词a及形容词long构成的名词短语作介词for的宾语) 二、宾语的构成 【语法讲解】
英语中,可作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词和名词性从句等。 【特别提醒】
1) 不定式只能作及物动词的宾语,不能用作介词宾语; 2) 一些及物动词后可接双宾语(两个宾语),即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是受动词的动作影响的人或物。间接宾语通常指的是接受直接宾语的人。例如:
I give her a book. 我给了她一本书。(本句及物动词give后的两个宾语中,book是直接宾
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(http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389)欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 语,因为book是被“给”的事物,直接受give“给”这个动作的影响;her是间接宾语,因为her是接受“book”这个间接宾语的人) 1. 名词作宾语
1) We love our motherland. 我们爱我们的祖国。(名词短语our motherland作及物动词love
的宾语)
2) The child came into the room. 小孩走进房间。(名词短语the room作介词into的宾语) 3) She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。(名词短语her face作及物动词
cover的宾语,名词短语her hands作介词with的宾语) 4) Mary sent Jane a letter. 玛丽给珍寄了一封信。(谓语动词sent有两个宾语,名词Jane
是间接宾语,名词短语a letter是直接宾语)
2. 代词作宾语
1) We didn’t see her. 我们没看见她。(代词her作及物动词see的宾语) 2) They get along well with us. 他们和我们相处的很好。(代词us作介词with的宾语) 【特别提醒】
人称代词作宾语时一定要使用宾格,即me(我)you(你)him(他)her(她)it(它)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们)。 3. 数词作宾语
1) Give me four please. 请给我四个。(谓语动词give有两个宾语,代词me是间接宾语,
数词four是直接宾语)
2) I lived in Beijing in 1986. 我1986年住在北京。(名词Beijing和数词1986分别作两个
介词in的宾语)
4. 动名词作宾语
动名词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成,例如reading。动名词在句中的作用类似于名词。 1)I enjoy playing cards. 我喜欢打扑克牌。(动名词playing和名词cards构成的动名词短语作及物动词enjoy的宾语)
2) They look forward to seeing her. 他们盼望见到她。(动名词seeing和代词her构成的动名词短语作介词to的宾语) 5. 名词性从句作宾语
1) He wants to tell us what he thinks. 他想告诉我们他所想的事。(及物动词tell有两个宾语,代词us是间接宾语,名词性从句what he thinks是直接宾语)
2) There is disagreement about when we shall leave. 在关于我们几点走的问题上有分歧。(名词性从句when we shall leave作介词about的宾语。) 6. 不定式作宾语
动词不定式的形式为动词不定式符号to加动词原形,例如to read。有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语,常见的有want(想要),like(喜欢),hope(希望),try(努力),start(开始),begin(开始),decide(决定),learn(学习),agree(同意),refuse(拒绝),fail(未能)等。
1) He wants to have a good sleep. 他想睡个好觉。(动词不定式短语to have a good sleep作及物动词want的宾语)
2) We failed to finish the job in time. 我们没能及时完成工作。(动词不定式短语to finish the job in time作及物动词fail的宾语)
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(http://tieba.http://www.wodefanwen.com//club/5346389)欢迎?加入...欢迎?交流...止不住的惊喜等着你......... 【特别提醒】 当动词不定式作宾语时,如果动词不定式后面还有形容词作不定式的宾语补足语,那么为了保证句子的平衡,通常将动词不定式放在形容词之后,而用一个形式宾语it放在形容词之前。例如:
1) They find it hard to learn English well. 他们发现学好英语很难。(在本句中it是形式宾
语,形容词hard是宾语补足语。本句真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to learn English well)
2) The students thought it easy to pass the exam. 学生们认为考试及格很容易。(在本句中
it是形式宾语,形容词easy是宾语补足语。本句真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to pass the exam)
【强化练习】
判断下列各句的宾语及性质:
1) I plan to climb mountain tomorrow. 2) We know that a parrot can’t really talk. 3) Do you like playing chess?
4) She asked the teacher why some words were hard to remember. 5) She hated to move again.
6) Now you can understand why I am angry. 7) Man’s dream of flying in space has come true.
8) Insurance reminds us that we live in an unsafe world. 9) I remember seeing her once somewhere. 10) She left without saying goodbye to us.
【练习解析】
1) 本句谓语动词plan的宾语为动词不定式短语to climb mountain tomorrow;而在动
词不定式短语中名词mountain是及物动词climb的宾语。
2) 本句谓语动词know的宾语为从句that a parrot can’t really talk。 3) 本句谓语动词like的宾语为动名词短语playing chess。
4) 本句谓语动词ask的宾语为双宾语,名词短语the teacher是间接宾语,从句why
some words were hard to remember是直接宾语。
5) 本句谓语动词hate的宾语为动词不定式短语to move again。 6) 本句谓语动词understand的宾语为从句why I am angry。
7) 本句中,动名词短语flying in space是介词of的宾语,它与of构成介词短语作名
词dream的后臵定语。另外,在动名词短语中,名词space是介词in的宾语。 8) 本句谓语动词remind的宾语为双宾语,代词us是间接宾语,从句that we live in an
unsafe world是直接宾语。在宾语从句中,名词短语an unsafe world是介词in的宾语。
9) 本句谓语动词remember的宾语为动名词短语seeing her once somewhere;动名词
短语中,代词her是及物动词see的宾语。
10) 本句中,动名词短语saying goodbye to us是介词without的宾语;而动名词短语
中,goodbye是动词say的宾语,代词us是介词to的宾语。
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