仁爱英语2010中考总复习七年级部分(2)

2019-03-27 19:47

By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador.我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。

The Scots have porridge for breakfast.苏格兰人早餐吃粥。

The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house.婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。

②介词短语与冠词

A、当下列名词指其“主要目的”,即与其相关在行为时,要用零冠词。

at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面

in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢 in the prison (因事)在监狱

in hospital 住院 in the hospital (因事)在医院

go to school 去上学 go to the school (因事)去学校

go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上 go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院

B.有无定冠词的比较

take place 发生 in case of 万一 take the place 代替 in the case of 就...来说 in place of 代替 out of question 毫无疑问 in the place of 在...的地方 out of the question 完全不可能 C.通常使用不定冠词的短语

after a while 过了一会儿 come to an end 结束 all of a sudden 突然 come to a conclusion 得出结论 as a rule 通常 have a good time 玩得愉快 as a result 结果,因此 have a rest 休息一下 as a matter of fact 事实上 have a cold 感冒 as a whole 大体上 have a word with 和?谈一谈 at a loss 不知所措 keep an eye for 对?有鉴赏力 in a hurry 急忙 make a living 谋生 in a way 在某种程度上 make a fire 生火 in a word 总而言之 make a fool of 愚弄 It’s a pity that? 令人遗憾的是? take a walk 散步 put an end to? 结束? D.和形容词的搭配关系。

1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。 ㈦冠词位置

1) 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半

注意:

a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,

I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.

b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

So short a time. Too long a distance.

c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。

但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定

冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot

d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。

当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。 2) 定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。

All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。

四、名词单数变复数的规则:

1、 一般的在后面加S

如:book—books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls: 2、 以S、X、CH、SH、结尾的要加es

如:class--- classes box----boxes match----matches brush---brushes 3、 以辅音字母+y结尾的,要变y为i,再加es

如:city---cities party----parties family---families story---stories lady---ladies factory----factories baby---babies study---studies country----countries fly---flies 顺口溜如下:关于城市city政党party家庭family的故事story,无论是妇女lady的工厂factory,还是小孩baby的书房study,均归国家country所有,一只苍蝇fly也别放过。 4、 以元音字母+y结尾的直接加s

如:toy---toys boy---boys key---keys day—days 5、以f、fe结尾的, ①,要变f、fe为ves

如:thief---thieves elf---elves wife---wives shelf---shelves half---halves leaf---leaves knife---knives wolf---wolves life---lives 顺口溜如下:贼thief拿了精灵elf般的妻子wife架子shelf上的半half片树叶leaf和小刀knife,遇上狼wolf,结束了生命life。 ②,直接在f,fe后面加s的情况

如:belief---beliefs chief---chiefs roof---roofs safe---safes proof---proofs

顺口溜如下:信念belief让首领chief拿到了房顶roof上保险箱safe里的证据proof ③,特殊情况

如:handkerchief---handkerchief/handkerchieves

顺口溜如下:我的手帕handkerchief我做主,想变就变。 6、 以o结尾 ①,要加es(一般是有生命的)的情况,如:Negro---Negroes,hero---heroes tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes. 顺口溜如下:黑人Negro英雄hero爱吃西红柿tomato和土豆potato.

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。

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By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。

②,有的要加s(一般是没有生命的)的情况 如:radio---radios, piano---pianos, zoo---zoos, kilo---kilos, bamboo---bamboos, photo---photos

顺口溜如下:收音机radio里的钢琴piano声和动物园zoo里几十千克kilo的翠竹bamboo产生了共鸣,构成了一张和谐的图片photo.

③,注意:zero比较特别,其复数形式是zeroes/zeros. 7、 不规则的可数名词的变化规则: ①.man—men, woman—women,

tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—children, mouse—mice, policeman—policemen, policewoman—policewomen,Englishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen,Frenchwoman—Frenchwomen ,Englishwoman—Englishwomen。

②.单复数相同: Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer,fish,Swiss. ③.ox的复数oxen顺口溜如下:男人man当警察policeman,保护妇女woman跟儿童child;法国人Frenchman的牛(ox)脚foot踢掉了英国人Englishman的鼠(mouse)牙tooth

中国人Chinese养了一只日本Japanese羊sheep,一头鹿deer,一只鹅geese和一条鱼fish,卖给了瑞士Swiss人

Unit 2 Looking different

【重要短语】

Guess again. I know.

different+n.复数 look the same That’s right. Both…and… What color…

give sth. to sb.=give sb sth look like I see

You are welcome.=That’s ok

I have a small/big nose/head… Do you have a knife?

We/You/They have round faces. He/She/It has big eaars.

---Does she/he/it have…? ---Yes,she/he/it does./No,she/he/it doesn’t

---Who is your favorite movie star? ---My favorite movie star is … ./It’s…

We are in the same school,but in different.grades.

look at in+颜色 put…on… wave to sb. This/That is… Whose+n

Those/These/They are… look the same. different+n.复数

help sb. do sth.=help sb. to do sth I think+从句

【重点句型】

We don’t have the same looks. He dosen’t have gray hair.

---What does she look like? ---She is tall like you.

---What color is this T-short?---It’s red. ---What color are these shoes? ---They’re green.

But you look the same.

Please give this letter to Maria. Oh, I see.

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半

I’ll give it to her. I think it’s Kangkang’s/Li Ming’s. The girl in yellow is Maria. We look the same,but we are in different He is in a black cap and blue shoes. clothes. ---Whose cap is it? ---It’s sally’s. Please help us find him. ---Whose bananas are these? ---They’re their bananas/theirs.

【重点语法】

一、have和has的用法

动词have作为\有\使用时,表示\某人(物)有??\用于第一、二人称单数I、you和复数主语,其单数第三人称形式为has,用于第三人称单数he、she、it和单数主语。 二、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词的变格形式分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称三种情况。也可以分为主格和宾格两种。即:主格:I/we you/you he she it/they.宾格:me/us you/you him her it/them. (一)人称代词在句子中的用法:

1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或补语,

例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。

说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。

例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,

例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)

--- Who broke the vase?---谁打碎了花瓶?---- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It's me.)

说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I. (二)主宾格的替换

1)宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。 ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。---- Me too. --我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?---- Not me. --我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.

2)主格代替宾格

a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。 b.在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格) I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。

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By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。

I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

(二)物主代词的用法 A)物主代词列表 人称 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 数 I We You You He 第三人称 She It They 形容词性物主代词 My Our Your Your His Her Its Their 名词性物主代词 Mine Ours Yours Yours His Hers Its Theirs

B)物主代词的用法。

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk. 约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构,例如: Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his. 2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。 b. 作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。 c. 作介词宾语,例如:

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。 d. 作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

Unit 3 Getting Together

【重点短语】

tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb 告诉某人?? help sb. with sth. 在??上帮某人 speak+语言 说某种语言 No problem. 没问题 pen pal 笔友 want to do sth 想要做某事

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

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