仁爱英语2010中考总复习七年级部分(3)

2019-03-27 19:47

A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半

want sb to do sth. 想某人做某事 each other= one another 相互、彼此 learn from sb. 向某人学习

learn…from sb./sth. 向??学习?? live in sp. 居住在?? visit sp. 参观某地 many+n.复数

like…a lot = like…very much非常喜欢?? don’t like…at all 根本不喜欢?? like…a little 有一点喜欢

at home 再见

help oneself 请自便

help oneself to sth. 请随便吃点?? would like to sth. 想要?? all right 好的

would like to do sth=want to do sth. 想要做??

Me,too. 我也一样。

What about=How about ??怎么样 Good idea. 好主意。

the more…the adj.(比较级)… 越??就越?? Something to drink 一些喝的东西 be home 到家,回家 Something to eat 一些吃的东西 glad to do sth. 很高兴做?? a glass of 一杯?? have a seat=sit down 请坐 apple juice 苹果汁 in hospital 生病住院 wait a moment 请稍等 in the hospital 在医院工作或上班 let me see 让我想想/看看 on a farm 在农场上 eat out 上馆子 in an office 在办公室 I’d like to. =I’d love to,我很乐意 in a school 在学校 Why not+v(原形)= why don’t you+v(原形) a photo of… ??的照片 为什么不呢? on the sofa 在沙发上 Here you are. 给你。 on the right/left 在右边/左边 such as 比如说。

hand in hand 手拉手

【重点句型】

Could you please tell me your name? ---Please have a seat. ---Thank you. And I help her study Chinese. This is a photo of my family. Please help us find him. ---Help yourself/yourselves(to some fish). Do you like them? ---Thank you. I don’t know him. ---What do you usually have for breakfast? I like it very much. ---I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. Nice to meet you. ---May I take your order,sir? ---Fish with He wants to visit the Great Wall. vegetables and rice, please. ---Do you want a pan pal? ---Yes, I do./No, I ---Would you like something to drink? don’t. ---Yes,a glass of apple juice please./ No, ---Does he speak Chinese? ---Yes, he thanks. does./No,he doesn’t. ---What would you like to eat?---- Let me

see./I’d like some… ---What do you do? ---I am a student.

---What does the man do? ---He is a doctor. ---Why not have some fish and eggs? ---Good ---What do your parents do? ---They are idea. farmers. ---Milk for me, please.---Wait a moment, ---Where does he/she work? ---He/She please. works in a hospital. Here you are. ---Where do you/they work? ---I/We/They I’m very glad to be here. work on a farm.

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。

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By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。

【重点语法】

一、不可数名词

不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个名词短语连用,相当于中文里的(一 +(量词)+ 名词),其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。不可数名词 uncountable none 常用缩写为un。

例如:a piece of bread[ cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) ] 一块面包[ 一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、?? ] an item of information 一则情报 a burst of applause 一阵掌声 a fit of anger 一顿脾气 a slip of paper 一张纸条 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水

简单说,一分为二后仍可用原名得为不可数,如:水,空气等。一分为二后不可用原名得为可数,如:苹果,梨等。

可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词:可数名词: a tin 一只锌罐 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗 a democracy民主国家 a glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人,美的东西 A forest 一片树林 a power大国 不可数名词: tin 锡 relation 关系 Iron 铁 democracy民主 glass 玻璃 beauty 美 Wood 木头 power威力,电力。

另外,在很多情况下抽象名词可变成可数名词:

A:而可数名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化,变成不可数名词 B: Would you like some coffee ? (不可数) 喝点咖啡好吗? Let me have a coffee . (可数) 给我一杯咖啡吧。 Translation is an art . (不可数)翻译是一门艺术。 I've made an English translation of the book . (可数) 我已将那本书译成了英文。 He got in difficulty again . (不可数) 他又有困难了。 They met with many difficulties .(可数) 他们遇到很多困难。

常见的不可数名词有:常用不可数名词

advice 忠告/主意 age 年龄 baggage 行李 beauty 美丽,漂亮bread 面包 beer 啤酒camping 露营 cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 courage 勇气cream 奶油 damage 损害 death 死亡 dust 尘土 experience 经验 fear 担心furniture 家具 gin 杜松子酒glass 玻璃 gold 黄金 help 帮助 hope 希望 hair 头发 horror 恐惧 ice 冰 information 消息/信息 jam 果酱 juice 饮料 knowledge 知识 luggage 行李 mercy 仁慈 mince 肉馅 money 金钱 oil 油 paper 纸 parking 停车 people 人物 pity 同情 relief 救济 sand 沙 shopping 购物 soap 肥皂 steak 牛排 stone 石头 suspicion 猜疑 silver 银tea 茶 water 水 weather 天气 wind 风 wine 葡萄酒 wood 木头 work 工作

不可数名词常见的搭配: a bit of news 一件消息a box of milk 一盒牛奶 a cake of soap 一块肥皂a drop of oil 一滴油 a grain of sand 一粒沙子a pane of glass 一块玻璃a piece of advice 一条忠告 a pot of jam 一罐果酱a sheet of paper 一页纸

二、名词所有格。

1.表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系,叫做名词所有格。例如:men’s room 男厕所 / Chairman Mao’s works 毛主席著作 / a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 / a stone’s throw 一步之遥 / the moon’s light 月光

如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾,则只在该名词后加“’”来构成所有格。例如:3 hours’

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半

walk 三小时的路程 / five minutes’ walk 五分钟路程 // two miles’ distance 两英里的距离

2. 用名词所有格表示处所

肉铺叫a butcher’s shop ,但通常略写为a butcher’s 。类似情况下的shop, house, office都可以省略:a tailor’s裁缝铺 / a barber’s理发店 / a doctor’s诊所 / my sister’s我姐姐的家 / stationer’s文具店 / Chaplin’s卓别林的家

3,名词所有格的用法

名词所有格用来表示所有关系,一般用’s和of来表示名词的所有格。与所有格相对,不带’s词尾的是名词普通格。在学习名词所有格时,要掌握以下内容。 ①.’s所有格用法

单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s(以s结尾的只需加’)构成所有格,主要用于有生命的东西。例如:

Have you read Robert Browning’s poems?你读过罗伯特·勃郎宁的诗吗?

It’s made from mare’s,cow’s or ewe’s milk.它是用马奶、牛奶或者羊奶制成的。 但也可用于表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。例如: We accepted the invitation without a moment’s hesitation.我们一点也没有犹豫就接受了邀请。

New York’s population is much larger than Washington’s,though it is not the capital city.纽约的人口比华盛顿多得多,虽然它并不是首都城市。

They are holding conferences to discuss the Europe’s future.他们正召开各种会议来讨论欧洲的前景。

We heartily applauded the delegation’s successful visit.我们热烈欢呼代表团访问成功。 Professor Smith is teaching at Yale’s Department of Literature.史密斯教授在耶鲁大学文学系任教。

在某些习惯用语中,尽管是表示无生命的名词,也需要’s的所有格。例如: The driver escaped the death by a hair’s breadth.那个司机这回真是九死一生。 Now you may sing to your heart’s content.你现在可以尽情地唱了。 另外,for friendship’s sake(为了友情),at a stone’s throw(一箭之远), at one’s? finger’s tip(手头上有),at arm’s length(保持距离),at one’s wits’ end(黔驴技穷)等都属此类。 ②.of所有格用法

凡不能加’s的名词,都可以与of构成短语,来表示所有关系。例如: Does anyone know the title of the novel?有谁知道这部小说的名字?

There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road.在这条路的尽头有一棵高高的枫树。 如果名词后面有一个较长定语,尽管名词表示有生命的东西,也可以用这种所有格形式。例如:

Did you listen to the speech of the President Clinton over the radio?你听了克林顿总统的广播讲话了吗?

They have the supportofthe people ofthe developing countries.他们得到发展中国家人民的支持。

③.双重所有格

所谓“双重所有格(double genitive)”,是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即“of+名词所有格”。双重所有格有以下几个特征: 1) “of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。因此,我们可以说:a play of?Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧), a friend of my wife’s(我妻子的一个朋友),但

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。

第 13 页 共 47 页

By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。

却不能说a funnel of the ship’s或 a leg of a table’s,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。比如我们可以说,a friend of the doctor’s(这位医生的一个朋友),a novel of the writer’s(那位作者的一部小说),而不能说a friend of a doctor’s或 a novel of a writer’s。

2)除了修饰的原因外,用双重所有格主要是由于被修饰词有排他性的限定词(determiner),如冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等。比如我们不能说 an our old acquaintance,而必须说an old acquaintance of ours(我们的一个老相识);不能说many their books,正确的说法是 many books of theirs(他们的许多书)。再如: This demand oftheirs is quite ridiculous.他们的这个要求非常可笑。 “This foolish wife of mine thinks I’m a great artist,” said he.“我那愚蠢的老婆以为我是个大艺术家,”他说道。

3)注意区别下列四种表达方式含义的差别:

one of my brother’s friends(明确表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友) a friend of my brother’s(暗示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友) a friend of my brother(对我兄弟有好感的人)

my brother’s friend(我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友) ④.特殊所有格

若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。例如:

The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice’s mother.那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是玛丽和爱丽丝的母亲。

You should find what the difference between Mr. Smith’s and Mr.Black’s cars is.你应当发现史密斯先生与布莱克先生的汽车的不同之处。

Unit 4 Having Fun

【重点短语】

buy sth. for sb. 为??买?? for a picnic 野炊 Not at all. 不用谢。 have a picnic 野炊 over there 在那边。 have a picnic with sb. 和某人一起野炊 try…on… 试穿?? go to sp. 去某地 look nice 看起来很还 go home 回家 how much 问价格 多少(不可数) tell sb.about sth. 告诉??关于?? a pair of 一双/一对?? forget to do sth. 忘记要做?? two kilos of 两千克?? forget doingsth. 忘记做过?? How do you like…= What do you think of… bring sth. 带上??

go fishing/boating/simming/running/hiking… 你认为??怎么样?

think about 考虑 思考 去钓鱼/划船/游泳/跑步/远足?? think of 考虑 想到 sing…with… 和??一起唱?? make a plan 制定一个计划 cook with sb.和??一起做饭 do some shopping 购物 fly a kite/kites 放风筝 need sth. 需要?? be afraid +that从句 恐怕?? need to do sth. 需要做?? have no time=don’t have time 没有时间 need do sth. 需要做?? carry water 提水 be free 有空的 空闲的 speak to sb.=speak with sb. 和某人说话

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。

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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半

talk to sb.=talk with sb. 和某人交谈 ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

this evening/year/month…今天晚上/今年、这个月??

be happy 开心

Let’s go. 让我们走吧 have to 不得不 next time 下次 get up 起床

meet sb. at sp. 在某地见某人

on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 on one’s way to sp.

Thank you for sth./doing sth. 感谢做??/感谢某事

【重点句型】

---What can I do for you medam? ---I ---What about having a picnic with old want to buy some clothes for my daughter. McDonald? ---I’d like that, thanks. How about some bread? Hello!This is kangkang.(电话用语) Oh, we don’t have any milk. ---Are you free this Sunday? ---Yes, Do you have any vegetables? what’s up? ---Thanks. ---Not at all. ---Don't forget to bring your guitar? ---All ---May/Can I help you? ---Yes,please.i’d right. like the yellow coat. ---May I speak to Maria? ---Who is this, ---Can I try it on? ---Sure. please. ---How much is it/are they? ---It’s/ ---This is Sally. ---Oh, hello,Sally.Maria They’re… isn’t in now. ---How many bottles? ---Six bottles. ---Could you ask her to call me back this ---Is that all? ---Yes, I think so. evening? ---Sure. That’s fine, we’ll take it. What time is it, please?/ What’s the time, I’m just looking. please? How do you like the pants? Do you have any free time tomorrow? What do you think of the green skirt? Let’s meet at 9 o’clock in my home. Are you kidding? What are your favorite animals? Thank you all the same. It’s time to go home. ---Would you like to go to the West Hill for ---What’s wrong with you? ---I can’t find a picnic? -----Oh, I’d love/like to./ Thanks, my way home. That would be very nice. Let me help you. ---Would you like to sing some songs with Here we are. me? ---I’m sorry I can’t. It’s very kind of you. ---How about flying a kite with me? ---I’d Thank you for your help. like that, but I’m afraid I have no time. Thank you for writing to me.

【重点语法】

一、how much和how many 的区别

how many 后接可数名词复数形式,而how much 后接不可数名词。 例如:

-How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?-There are five.五口人。 -How many birds can you see in the picture?图画中你能看见多少只鸟?-Only one.仅看见一只鸟。

how much 是一个常见的特殊疑问词组,它的意思为“多少”,表示数量,其后面接

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。

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