By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。
不可数名词,也可单独使用,它在初中课本里的用法主要有: 1、用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。例如:
How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? How much bread is there on the table?桌子上有多少面包? 2、用来询问事物的重量。例如:
-How much do you want to buy? 你想要买多少?-Two kilos.两公斤。 -How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重?-Eighty kilos.八十公斤。 3、用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于what。例如:
-How much is three plus one?三加一等于多少?-It's four.等于四。 -How much is eight minus three?八减三等于多少?-It's five.等于五。
4、how much 意为“多少钱”时,可单独使用,也可构成词组how much money,但英语中常省略money,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。例如: How much is your new computer?你的新电脑多少钱?
How much (money ) did you pay for the English grammar book?买这本英语语法书,你付了多少钱? 注意:
(1)how much 后接be动词时,be 是单数还是复数,取决于be之后的名词。 例如:
-How much are the parrots?这些胡萝卜多少钱?-Two yuan a kilo.两元一公斤。 -How much is this coat ?这件大衣多少钱?-One hundred and fifty-three yuan. 一百五十三元。 (2)how much询问价格时,它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan,fen来表示,几角常采用几十分来表示,字母用小写,且不用复数。例如:
-How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?-Ninety two fen.九角二分。
(3)在买卖过程中,买方觉得太贵不买,常用That's much too dear.作答。如果觉得比较合适,常用That's (very,quite cheap.)
二、some和any的区别
some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。
some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句。
如:
--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 --Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友。
但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。如:
Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。
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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半
当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中; Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 选题角度:
辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。
三、what about 和how about
What about ? 和 how about ? 是英语口语中常用的两个省略句型,它们的意思和用法基本相同,常常用在以下场合。例如:
一)、向对方提出建议或请求。例如:
1. How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗? 2. What about another cake? 再吃块蛋糕好吗? 二)、征询对方的看法或意见。例如:
1、 What about the playing the violin? (你认为)她的小提琴拉的怎么样? 2、 What about the TV play? 那个电视剧怎么样? 三)、询问天气或身体等情况。例如:
1、 What about the weather in your home town? 你们家乡的气候如何?
2、 How about your uncle now? You can’t leave him by himself. 你叔叔近来身体好吗?你们不能单独让他生活。
四)、寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。例如:
I am from Beijing. What about you? 我是北京人,你呢?
五)、对所陈述的情况做出反诘,常给予对方一种暗示。例如:
——My memory is good. I’ve never forgotten anything.我的记忆力很好,从不忘记什么。
——What about that time you left your key to the office at home?那次你将办公室的要是忘在家里算是怎么回事呀?
四、介词past和to在表时间区别。
分钟在前,小时在后;分钟小于等于30时,用past;大于30用to;
X (X≤30) past Y
分钟 =============== 小时(X表示分钟Y表示小时) 60-X (X>30) to Y+1
七年级下 Unit 5 Our school life
【重点短语】
come on快点; 加油 on weekdays在周末 the same to对??也一样 the early bird catches the worm早起的鸟有虫on foot步行 吃 by plane/bike/ the subway 乘飞机/自行车/乘walk to sp. = go to sp. on foot 走着去?? 地铁 fly to sp. = go to sp. by plane乘飞机去?? net bar网吧 drive to sp. = go to sp. by car开车去??
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。
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By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。
take a bus to sp. = go to sp. by bus坐公共汽talk to sb找某人谈话 车去?? talk with sb和某人谈话 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 talk about sth谈论?? know about 知道;了解;懂得 a plan of sth ??的计划 take / have a break / rest休息一下 plan to do sth计划做某事 in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间 at the back of在??的后面 and so on等等 on the left / right在左边/右边 read books读书 be over结束 clean the house打扫房间 between? and?两者之间 play the guitar弹吉他 from?to? 从??到/ 去?? three times a week一周三次 every day 副词, 每天 for a little while一会儿 everyday形容词,每天的;日常的 at the moment = now = at the present time 现love doing sth. = love to do sth喜爱做某事 在 one day (将来)某一天
---What day is it today?---It’s?询问周几? dining hall食堂
of course当然 outdoor activities 户外活动 lost and found失物招领处 draw picture 画画; in the center of在??的中间 work on = work at 从事于?? next to = beside紧挨着 work on the problem 做题; have / take a ?class上一节??课 learn about sth 学习?? on the playground在操场上; learn from sth / sb 向某人/物学习 do well in在某方面做得好; after school 放学后 look for sb./sth. 寻找( 强调动作, find 强调hard work 坚苦的工作 结果) work hard 努力地工作 in time及时 best wishes 最好的祝福 on time准时
【重点句型】
7. ---How does she usually go to work? 1. It’s time to get up. 该起床的时候了。
It’s time for breakfast. = It’s time to have ---She usually goes to work by car.
---What does he usually do after class? breakfast = It’s time for having breakfast.该吃早
---He usually reads novels. 饭了。
2. You must go to school early. 你必须早8. The early bird catches the worm! 早起的点去上学。(主观因素造成“必须”) 鸟儿有虫吃。/ 笨鸟先飞。
9. ---Where’s Mr. Zhou going? ---He’s I have to wash my face quickly. 我不得不
going to Shanghai. 迅速地洗脸。(客观因素造成“必须”)
3. ----Happy New Year! ---The same to you! 10. ---Which place do you like best? ---I 4. How about you? = What about you? like the computer room best.
11. Swimming is my favorite sport. = I like 5. It tastes good. 它尝起来很好。 It sounds
swimming best. good. 它听起来很好。
6. ---How do you usually go to school? ---I 12. ---Why do you think so? ----Because he usually go to school by bike. likes sleeping.
---What do you usually do after school? 13. ---How often do you go to the library? ---I usually play computer games. ---Very often.
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。
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A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半
14. Peter is good at soccer ball. 彼特擅长与我。 足球。 27. I read them with great interest. (我读得
15. My interest is different from theirs. 我的津津有味)我带着极大的兴趣读它们。
28. May I ask you some questions? Yes, 兴趣和他们的不一样。
16. How many lessons do you have every day? please 我可以问你几个问题吗
29. ---Where do you come from? ---I come 你每天上多少节课?
from Australia. = 17. What time is school over? 什么时候放
---Where are you from? --- I’m from 学?
Australia. 18. I try to do my best each day. 每天我都尽
30. ---How long can I keep it? ---Two weeks. 力做到最好。
19. And if I always do my best, I need not 31. Do you have a problem? 你有问题吗? care about the test. 32. ---What day is it today ? ---It’s
20. After dinner, I often do my homework and Wednesday. then watch TV for a little while. 33.What time does the class begin / end ?
21. Welcome to our school. 34.What is your favorite subject ? 22. ---What do you think of our school? What subject do you teach ? ---It’s very nice. I like the school life here . 35 How often do you do outdoor activities ?
36.How many lessons do you have every 23.Wait a minute. = Just a minute. 等一等。
24. Thank you anyway. = Thank you all the week ?
37.Why do/don’t you like English ? same. 仍然谢谢你
Because it’s easy and interesting . 25. Thank you for your hard work. 谢谢你们
Because it’s difficult and boring. 的努力工作。
38.I don’t like math at all . 26. Thank you for asking me. 谢谢你邀请
【重点语法】 一、频度副词 1、定义
usually, sometimes, always, often等词在英文中被称为“频度副词”,是用来表示动作频率的,但程度上有别。一般说来可按频率大小排列:
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom(很少)>hardly ever>never(从不) 2、频度副词的位置
⑴. 在be动词之后。如:
She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。 ⑵. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:
I will never forget the first time I met you. 我将永远忘不了和你的第一次见面。 ⑶. 在实义动词之前。如:
We often go there. 我们常去那儿。
⑷. sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末。如: Sometimes she writes to me. 她有时候给我写信。 She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。 3、用法
⑴. often, always, usually等通常和一般现在时连用,表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。如:
It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。
⑵. always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如: He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。(赞叹)
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书,相伴一生。
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By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it. 读书使人充实,交谈使人精明。
She is always asking silly questions. 她老是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦) ⑶. 对这些频度副词提问时,用how often。如: I write to my brother sometimes. (就划线部分提问) How often do you write to your brother? ⑷.情态动词后动词用原形。
二、一般现在时态
定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。 构成:一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S。(一般的动词词尾+S。以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母+Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.)
形式:
主语+动词原形+宾语 用法:
1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: always,usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week, often, sometimes, occasionally, from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,never. 例如:I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.
2.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 例如:I don't want so much..
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 5.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。
6.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。
7.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。
8.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
9表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
★注意★:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
一般现在时表将来:
1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(即按照固定时间表将来发生的动作)。
例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
---When does the bus start? --- It starts in ten minutes.
Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother 经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。
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