毕 业 设 计(论 文)
设计(论文)题目: 基于粒子群优化算法的分数
阶PID控制器
学 院 名 称: 电子与信息工程学院 专 业: 电气工程及其自动化 班 级: 电气101班 姓 名: 叶茂枫 学 号 10401170117 指 导 教 师: 孔中华 职 称 讲师
定稿日期: 2014年 5月 14日
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基于粒子群优化算法的分数阶PID控制器
摘 要
本文主要研究基于粒子群算法控制系统PID参数优化设计方法以及对PID控制的改进。PID参数的寻优方法有很多种,各种方法的都有各自的特点,应按实际的系统特点选择适当的方法。本文采用粒子群算法进行参数优化,主要做了如下工作:其一,选择控制系统的目标函数,本控制系统选用时间乘以误差的绝对值,通过对控制系统的逐步仿真,对结果进行分析。由于选取的这个目标函数的解析式不能直接写出,故采用逐步仿真来实现;其二,本文先采用工程上的整定方法(临界比例度法)粗略的确定其初始的三个参数Kp,Ki,Kd,再利用粒子群算法进行寻优,得到更好的PID参数;其三,采用SIMULINK的仿真工具对PID参数优化系统进行仿真,得出系统的响应曲线。从中发现它的性能指标,都比原来有了很大的改进。因此,采用粒子群算法的优越性是显而易见的。
关键词: 目标函数,PID参数,粒子群算法,优化设计,SIMULINK
THE FRACTIONAL ORDER PID CONTROLLER BASEDON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
ALGORITHM
ABSTRACT
This paper mainly studies based on particle swarm optimization (pso) control system PID parameters optimization design method and the improved PID control. PID parameters optimization method has a lot of kinds, all kinds of methods have their own characteristics, select the appropriate method should be according to the actual system characteristics. This paper USES the particle swarm algorithm to optimize parameters, mainly done the following work: first, choose the objective function of control system, the control system chooses time multiplied by the absolute value of error, the control system of step by step through the simulation, the results are analyzed. Due to the analytic expression of the objective function selected cannot write directly, so the use simulation to implement step by step; Secondly, this paper first USES the engineering setting method (critical proportion method) rough determine the three parameters of the initial, and, using the particle swarm algorithm optimization, better PID parameters; Third, using
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SIMULINK simulation tool for PID parameter optimization system, simulation system response curves are obtained. Find its performance indicators, all had greatly improved than before. Therefore, the superiority of using particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithm is obvious.
Key Words: the objective function, the PID parameter, the particle swarm algorithm, optimization design, the simulink
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目录
摘 要 .................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. II 目录 ........................................................................................................................................................ IV 第1章 绪论 ..................................................................... 2 1.1 研究背景和课题意义 .......................................................... 2 1.2 基本的PID参数优化方法 ...................................................... 2 1.3 常用的整定方法 .............................................................. 3 1.4 本文的主要工作 .............................................................. 5 第2章 粒子群算法的介绍 ......................................................... 6 2.1 粒子群算法思想的起源 ........................................................ 6 2.2 算法原理 .................................................................... 6 2.3 算法流程 .................................................................... 7 2.4 全局模型与局部模型 .......................................................... 8 2.5 算法特点 .................................................................... 9 2.6 带惯性权重的粒子群算法 ...................................................... 9 2.7 粒子群算法的研究现状 ....................................................... 10 第3章 用粒子群方法优化PID参数 ............................................... 11 3.1 PID控制原理 ............................................................... 11 3.2 PID控制的特点 ............................................................. 12 3.3 优化设计简介 ............................................................... 12 3.4 目标函数选取 ............................................................... 13
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