焦 作 大 学 毕 业 论 文(设计)
题 目:微波密封消解法测水中化学需氧量 学 号: 060503214 姓 名: 韦科 年 级: 06级 院 部: 化工与环境工程学 专 业: 商检技术 指导教师:苏永祥
完成日期: 年 月 日
微波密封消解法测水中化学需氧量
摘 要
水中化学耗氧量是环境监测的一个重要项目,简称COD。是在一定的
条件下,采用一定的强氧化剂处理水样时,所消耗的氧化剂量。它是表示水中还原性物质多少,是水体有机污染的一项重要指标,能够反应出水体的污染程度。测定水中COD ,通常采用标准重铬酸钾回流滴定法,测定结果准确可靠,但回流时间长,试剂用量大,水、电消耗大,难以满足日常大批样品的监测及应急监测的需要。我们采用微波密封消解法测定水中的COD ,微波法准确快速、操作简便、节能节水。
通过对化学需氧量(COD)定义的介绍和微波密封消解法和其他三种测定方法的阐述及比较研究,证明微波密封消解法具有测试范围宽、所需水样量小、加热速度快、准确度高等优点,是一种更好的测试方法。是未来测定水中化学需氧量的理想方法之一。
关键字:化学需氧量;微波密封;消解;重铬酸钾
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微波密封消解法测水中化学需氧量
Abstract
In the water chemistry oxygen consumption capacity is an environmental monitoring material item, is called COD. In certain conditions, the use of a certain kind of strong oxidant water, the amount of oxidant consumption. It is said that the substances in the water to restore a number of indicators.Determines in the water COD, usually uses the standard potassium chromate backflow trimetric method, the determination result accurate reliable, but the backflow time is long, the reagent amount used is big, the water, the electricity consume in a big way, satisfies the daily large quantities of samples with difficulty the monitor and the emergency monitor need. We use in the microwave seal resolution law determination water COD, the microwave method accurate fast, the operation are simple, energy conservation saving water.
Through the introduction which and the microwave seal resolution law and other four kind of determination method's elaboration (COD) defines to the chemical oxygen demand and quite studies, proved that the microwave seal resolution law has the test scope, to need the water sample quantity widely to be small, the rate of heating is quick, the accuracy higher merit, is one better test method. Will be the future determines in the water one of chemical oxygen demand ideal methods.
Key words:Chemical oxygen demand ;Microwave and seal ;Digestion; Potassium chromate
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微波密封消解法测水中化学需氧量
目 录
1 化学需氧量的定义及其排放标准 .................................. 5 1.1 化学需氧量的定义 .......................................... 5 1.2 化学需氧量的排放标准 .................................... 6 2. 微波密封消解法 ............................................... 6 2.1 工作原理 .................................................. 6 2.2 仪器及器皿 ................................................ 7 2.3 仪器装置简述 .............................................. 7 2.4 所用的试剂及其制备 ........................................ 8 2.5 测定步骤 .................................................. 9 2.6 数据处理 .................................................. 10 2.7 注意事项 ................................................. 10 2.8 仪器的维护保养 ........................................... 10 2.9 微波法精密度、准确度实验 ................................. 11 3 其它几种测定方法 ............................................. 12 3.1 高锰酸钾法 ............................................... 12 3.2 重铬酸钾法法法(COD标准测定法) ......................... 14 3.3 库仑法 ................................................... 17 4 几种测定方法的比较 ........................................... 21
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微波密封消解法测水中化学需氧量
4.1 CODMn和CODCr标准法的比较 .................................. 21 4.2 微波密封法和标准法的比较 ................................. 22 4.3 对这几种方法的综述 ....................................... 22 5. 结语 ........................................................ 23 致 谢 ........................................................ 24 参 考 文 献 ..................................................... 25
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