新证三副FFE培训教材
二〇一四年五月
（修订版2017-10）1
1. Portable fire extinguishers
IMO Resolution A.951(23), paragraph 9.1.1
(1) Portable fire extinguishers should be examined annually by a competent person; (A competent person may be taken as Chief Officer, Second Engineer or above);
(2) Each portable fire extinguisher should be attached with a tag indicating that it has been examined;
(3) CO2/ Halon(卤化烃) Portable fire extinguishers should not be located in accommodation spaces;
(4) Each powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher should have a capacity of at least 5kg, and each foam extinguisher a capacity of at least 9?.
(5) A portable extinguisher is one, which is designed to be carried and operated by hand, and which in working order has a total weight of not more that 23 kg (6) Marking of extinguishers
Each extinguisher should be clearly marked with the following minimum
information:
.1 name of the manufacturer;
.2 types of fire and rating for which the extinguisher is suitable; .3 type and quantity of extinguishing medium; .4 approval details;
.5 instructions for use and recharge (it is recommended that operating
instructions be given in pictorial form（图片的形式）, in addition to explanatory text in language understood by the likely user);
.6 year of manufacture;
.7 temperature range which the extinguisher will operate satisfactorily; .8 test pressure.
(7) Periodical inspections and maintenance
.1 Extinguishers should be subject to periodical inspections in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions and serviced at intervals not exceeding one year.
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.2 At least one extinguisher of each type manufactured in the same year and kept on board a ship（定语）should be test discharged at five yearly intervals (as part of a fire drill). 五年之内，同一船上的，同一年份制造的，每一种灭火器中至少要有一支应该做释放测试。
.3 All extinguishers together with propellant cartridges should be hydraulically
tested in accordance with the recognized standard（公认标准） or the manufacturer’s instruction at intervals not exceeding ten years. .4 Service and inspection should only be undertaken by, or under the
supervision of a person with competence, based on the inspection guide in below table ANNUAL INSPECTION Safety clip and indicating devices Check to see if the extinguisher may have been operated. Where fitted, check to see that the pressure is within limits. Check that dust covers on Pressure indicating device pressure indicating devices and relief valves are in place. Inspect for corrosion, dents or damage which External examination may affect the safe operation of the extinguisher. Weigh the extinguisher and check the mass Weight compared to the fully charged extinguisher. Check that hoses and nozzles are clear and Hose and nozzle undamaged. Check that they are in placeand legible（清晰Operating instructions 地）. INSPECTION AT RECHARGE Air passages （气管）and operating mechanism（机械装置） Operating mechanism Prove clear passage by blowing. Check hose nozzle strainer（过滤器）, Check the operating and discharge control. Clean and lubricate as required. Check that the safety pin is removable and that the lever（控制杆） is undamaged Examine for damage and corrosion. Weigh the cartridge to ascertain that it is within prescribedGas cartridge （规定的） limits. O-rings washers（环形垫圈） Check O-rings and replace hose diaphragms if and hose diaphragms（膜片） fitted. Inspect the interior（内部）. Check for corrosion Water and foam bodies and lining（内衬） deterioration. Check separate containers for leakage or damage Powder body Examine the body and check internally for corrosion and lining deterioration. INSPECTION AFTER RECHARGE Water and foam Reassemble(重装)
Replace the charge in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Reassemble the extinguisher in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 3
Maintenance label Mounting of extinguishers Report
Fill in entry(条目) on maintenance label, including full weight. Check the mounting bracket. Complete a report on the state of maintenance of the extinguisher. (8) Records of inspections should be maintained. The records should show the
date of inspection, the type of maintenance carried out and whether or not a pressure test was performed. (9) (10) (11)
Extinguishers should be provided with a visual indication（直观指示） of discharge.
Instructions for recharging extinguishers should be supplied by the
manufacturer and be available for use on board.
Extinguishers are classified（分类） according to the type of extinguishing medium（灭火剂） they contain. At present the types of extinguishers and the Extinguishing medium Recommended for use on fires involving Water wood, paper, textiles（纺织品） and similar materials Water with additives（添加剂） Foam Dry powder/dry chemical (standard/classes B, C ) wood, paper, textiles and flammable liquids flammable liquids, electrical equipment and flammable gases Dry powder/dry chemical wood, paper, textiles, flammable liquids, electrical (multiple or general purpose/classes equipment and flammable gases A, B, C) Dry powder/dry chemical (metal) combustible metals Carbon dioxide flammable liquids and electrical equipment Wet chemical for class F or K cooking grease, fats or oil fires（油类火灾） Clean agents uses for which they are recommended are as follows:
2. Spare charges for portable fire extinguishers IMO MSC/Circ.847, paragraph 6.2
For portable fire extinguishers of the same type, capable of being recharged on board, the spare charges should be provided as follows:
(1) 100% for the first ten portable fire extinguishers and 50% for the remaining
portable fire extinguishers but not more than 60; and (2) For portable fire extinguishers that cannot be recharged by the crew,
additional portable fire extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and
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number as determined in (1) above should be provided in lieu of spare charges.
(3) Instructions for recharging should be carried on board. Partially emptied
extinguishers should also be recharged.
3. Testing for portable fire extinguishers IMO MSC/Circ.847, paragraph 6.5
A- The extinguishers should be examined annually by a competent person. B- Each extinguisher should be provided with a sign indicating that it has been examined. C- Containers of permanently pressurized portable fire extinguishers and propellant bottlesof non-pressurizedportable fire extinguishers should be
hydraulic pressure tested as follows by a competent service station recognized by a Recognized Organization:
(1) Powder type portable fire extinguishers every 10 years; (2) CO2 type portable fire extinguishers every 10 years; (3) Other type portable fire extinguishers ever y 10 years; and
(4) Containers of non-permanently pressurized portable fire extinguishers
should be hydraulic pressure tested every 10 years. 问：手提式灭火器容易发生的缺陷有哪些？
答：目前船舶配备的手提式灭火器有干粉、泡沫、二氧化碳灭火器。 容易发生的缺陷：未定期检查；瓶体锈蚀严重；压力表显示无压力；灭火
器总重超规范（FSS规定，手提式灭火器总重应不超过23KG）。
船舶手提式灭火器配备不符合要求案例（一）
2015年3月，某海事处对“X”轮实施安全检查，发现该轮起居处所配备的灭火器均为二氧化碳灭火器，不满足《04国内航行海船法定检验技术规则》(06修改通报) 第4篇船舶安全第2-2章构造-防火、探火与灭火1.15.3（1）（在起居处所内不应布置二氧化碳灭火器。在控制站和其它内设船舶安全所必要的电器或电子设备或装置的其它处所，所配备灭火器的灭火剂应既不导电也
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