不受风雨等环境的影响，适宜室外安装和探测气体火灾，但对浓烟滚
滚的火灾不易探测。
感光类和感热类虽然感应的都是火陷阶段，但感光类探测器比感热的要灵敏，也就是说探测得比较快比较早。
4.2 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems
.1 verify all fixed fire-extinguishing system control panel indicators are
functional by operating the lamp/indicator test switch; and
.2 verify all control/section valves are in the correct position.
4.3 Fire doors
Verify all fire door control panel indicators, if provided, are functional by operating the lamp/indicator switch.
4.4 Public address and general alarm systems
Verify all public address systems and general alarm systems are
functioning properly.
4.5 Breathing apparatus
Examine all breathing apparatus and EEBD cylinder gauges to confirm they are in the correct pressure range.
4.6 Low-location lighting
Verify low-location lighting systems are functional by switching off normal lighting in selected locations.
4.7 Water mist, water spray and sprinkler systems
.1 verify all control panel indicators and alarms are functional;
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.2 visually inspect pump unit and its fittings; and
.3 check the pump unit valve positions, if valves are not locked, as
applicable. 5 Monthly testing and inspections
Monthly inspections should be carried out to ensure that the indicated 指明的actions are taken for the specified equipment. 5.1 Fire mains, fire pumps, hydrants, hoses and nozzles
.1 verify all fire hydrants, hose and nozzles are in place, properly arranged, and are in serviceable condition可用状况;
.2 operate all fire pumps to confirm that they continue to supply adequate pressure; and
.3 emergency fire pump fuel supply adequate, and heating system in satisfactory condition, if applicable. 问:水灭火系统容易发生的缺陷有哪些？
答：该系统包含消防泵、消防总管及隔离阀、消防栓、水带、水枪和国际通岸接头。
容易发生的缺陷有：消防总管锈蚀严重、锈烂有洞。这在各种安全检查中都是严重缺陷，可能导致船舶被滞留。总管放残水考克损坏。放水考克关不死或脱落相当于总管上有一个漏洞，将导致泄压，若锈死打不开则不利于防冻。总管上的隔离阀不活络或锈死，阀位指示器不清楚，有污垢等。有的船舶养护不够，隔离阀长期处于开启状态，需要关闭时非常艰难，用“凡尔扳”关闭都非常吃力或扳不动，这个缺陷同样会被滞留。消防栓不活络、漏水，消防水带有破洞。水带接头尺寸与消防栓尺寸不符、水带接头卡簧缺失。
根据船级社的统一解释，除油船和化学品船开敞甲板区域外，铝合金可用于消防水带接头和水枪，油轮开敞甲板上的接头和水枪应该使用铜制的。两用水枪水流转换不活络，应急消防泵出水时间超过5分钟，应急消防泵出水压力低等。 5.2 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems
Verify containers/cylinders fitted with pressure gauges are in the
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proper range and the installation free from leakage. 问：大型二氧化碳灭火系统容易发生的缺陷有哪些？
答：根据操作说明，打开遥控释放控制箱门，应报警、通风切断，有的有燃油切断功能，实际动作与操作说明不一致。另外，注意放大气管系是否完好。所谓“放大气管系”的作用是当大型二氧化碳钢瓶瓶头阀意外泄漏时，能将二氧化碳气体引向室外并发出报警声响，以免造成大型二氧化碳间人员伤亡。
5.3 Foam fire-extinguishing systems
Verify all control and section valves are in the proper open or closed position, and all pressure gauges are in the proper range. 问：大型泡沫灭火系统容易发生的缺陷有哪些？
答：油轮上用大型泡沫灭火系统来保护货油区域、货泵间，有的油轮也用来保护机舱。容易发生的缺陷是，隔离阀不活络；泡沫炮旋转轴和阀不活络或不能固定在需要的位置；泡沫液总量与证书上的总量不相符；用应急消防泵供水从泡沫炮出水的操作不能顺利完成（经常发生由于阀调错，泡沫炮不出水）。 5.4 Water mist, water spray and sprinkler systems
.1 verify all control, pump unit and section valves are in the proper open or closed position;
.2 verify sprinkler pressure tanks or other means have correct levels of water;
.3 test automatic starting arrangements on all system pumps so designed;
.4 verify all standby pressure and air/gas pressure gauges are within the proper pressure ranges; and
.5 test a selected sample of system section valves for flow流量 and proper initiation引发 of alarms. (Note – The valves selected for testing should be chosen to ensure that all valves are tested within a one-year period.)
5.5 Fire fighter's outfits
Verify lockers providing storage for fire-fighting equipment contain their
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full inventory and equipment is in serviceable condition. 问：消防员装备的缺陷有哪些？
答：铝箔衣状况差；空气呼吸器面罩脏污、破损；空气呼吸器呼吸阀损坏；空气瓶空气压力低（目前一般的认定标准是，实际压力少于额定压力的90%则认为压力低。但有的船舶配备的空气呼吸器钢瓶容量是6L，额定压力30Mpa，其自由气体体积达1800L，即使压力下降到75%总量，仍有1200L自由气体，仍然符合SOLAS要求。
这就要看生产厂家或船公司对此的具体规定了）；低压报警故障；呼吸器背带损坏；空气瓶未定期进行水压试验检验（每5年应该进行水压试验或生产厂家、主管机关另有规定）。 5.6 Fixed dry chemical powder systems
Verify all control and section valves are in the proper open or closed position, and all pressure gauges are in the proper range.
5.7 Fixed aerosol extinguishing systems固定的气溶胶灭火系统
.1 verify all electrical connections and/or manual operating stations are properly arranged, and are in proper condition; and
.2 verify the actuation system动作系统/control panel circuits are within manufacturer's specifications.
5.8 Portable foam applicators
Verify all portable foam applicators are in place, properly arranged, and are in proper condition.
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