9. Medical oxygen cylinders C ap. 295B, regulation 66
Hydrostatic pressure testing of cylinders shall be carried out by a competent service station recognized by a Recognized Organization at the intervals not exceeding 5 years and the hydrostatic test date must be permanently marked on the bottles.
10. Emergency escape breathing device (EEBD)
IACS Recommendation No.88
IMO MSC/Circ.1081, 1432
At least two EEBDs and one spare EEBD should be provided in accommodation spaces. In machinery spaces for category A containing internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion, EEBDs should be positioned as follows:
(1) One EEBD in the engine control room, if located within the machinery space. (2) One EEBD in workshop areas. If there is, however, a direct access to an
escape way from the workshop, an EEBD is not required. (3) One EEBD on each deck or platform level near the escape ladder constituting
the second means of escape from the machinery space (the other means being an enclosed escape trunk or watertight door at the lower level o f the space).
For machinery spaces of category A other than those containing internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion, one EEBD should, as a minimum be provided on each deck or platform level near the escape ladder.
The EEBDs should be annually tested and inspected according to maker’s instructions.
----The EEBD should have at least a duration of service of 10 min. ----Inspections and Testing
.1 Maintenance and inspection shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction by a competent person, and shall be undertaken annually. .2 Hydrostatic pressure testing of the cylinder shall be undertaken at least once every five years or in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction if such
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testing is required on a more frequent basis. The test pressure and the test date shall be clearly and permanently marked on the cylinder.
.3 Where EEBD are fitted with a small capacity oxygen cartridge and
manufacturers specify a fixed service life without scheduled hydrostatic
pressure testing (e.g. “Ocenco” M-20.2), hydrostatic testing is not required.
---- Records
Records of inspection, maintenance and testing shall be retained onboard for
examination. The records must include the test certificates and the inspection status of each cylinder.
----Survey Requirements
.1 During Safety Equipment surveys the Recognized Organization shall verify
that: i the manufacturer’s instructions for EEBD are provided and available on
board. ii the EEBDs have been inspected and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and this bulletin公告.
iii the records of maintenance are being maintained in accordance with above. iv all ships shall carry spare EEBDs that shall be located in a control station.
The number of spares carried on board shall be as follows:
Cargo ships: 1; Passenger ships: 2.
---- In order to satisfy the SOLAS requirements for on board training in the use EEBDs, the vessel shall have either:
i at least one separate EEBD clearly marked as designated for training, or ii the onboard facility to re-instate the EEBD能够恢复的设备 that was
used during the training exercise.
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GUIDELINES FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND
INSPECTION
OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES
MSC.1/Circ.1432
1 Application
These Guidelines apply to all ships and provide the minimum recommended level of maintenance and inspections for fire protection systems and appliances. This information may be used as a basis for the ship's onboard maintenance plan required by SOLAS regulation II-2/14. These Guidelines do not address maintenance and inspection of fixed carbon dioxide systems or portable fire extinguishers. Refer to the comprehensive instructions(全面的说明) provided in the Guidelines for the maintenance and inspections of fixed carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing systems (MSC.1/Circ.1318) for fixed carbon dioxide systems, and resolution A.951(23) for portable fire extinguishers. 2 Operational readiness
All fire protection systems and appliances should at all times be in good order and readily available for immediate use while the ship is in service. If a fire protection system is undergoing maintenance, testing or repair, then suitable arrangements should be made to ensure safety is not diminished削弱 through the provision准备 of alternate fixed or portable fire protection equipment or other measures. The onboard maintenance plan should include provisions for this purpose.
3 Maintenance and testing
3.1 Onboard maintenance and inspections should be carried out in accordance
with the ship's maintenance plan, which should include the minimum elements listed in sections 4to 10 of these Guidelines.
3.2 Certain maintenance procedures and inspections may be performed by
competent crewmembers who have completed an advanced fire-fighting training course, while others should be performed by persons specially trained in the maintenance of such systems. The onboard maintenance plan should indicate which parts of the recommended inspections and maintenance are to be completed by trained personnel.
3.3 Inspections should be carried out by the crew to ensure that the
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indicated weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual, two-year, five-year and ten-year actions are taken for the specified equipment, if provided. Records of the inspections should be carried on board the ship, or maybe computer-based. In cases where the inspections and maintenance are carried out by trained service technicians other than the ship's crew, inspection reports should be provided at the completion of the testing.
3.4 In addition to the onboard maintenance and inspections stated in these
Guide lines, manufacturer's maintenance and inspection guidelines should be followed.
3.5 Where particular arrangements create practical实践的 difficulties,
alternative testing and maintenance procedures should be to the satisfaction of the Administration. 4 Weekly testing and inspections
4.1 Fixed fire detection and alarm systems
Verify all fire detection and fire alarm control panel indicators are functional by operating the lamp/indicator test switch.
船上火灾探测器的种类及原理
船上火灾探测器的种类及原理
一、火灾探测器的种类
各种各样的火灾探测器归纳起来可分四类：感烟类探测器、感热类探测器、感光类探测器和联合类探测器，每种形式探测着火的阶段及感应的现象有所不同。
二、、各类探测器的原理与特点
1、 感烟类探测器
主要是感应悬浮微粒和烟气来探知火灾的发生。比如常用的离子室式探测器，其原理是当有悬浮微粒或烟雾进入离子室时，离子流通阻力加大，因此电流
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表的电流就大大降低，电流的变化预示着火灾的发生。其他形式的感
烟探测器其核心部件通常是由光敏电阻或光敏电池组成的平衡电桥。当有悬浮微粒和烟雾存在时，要么一个光电阻被遮挡，要么一个光电池由于烟粒子的折射发散而得到光照，因此电桥失去平衡，电路中就有电流产生，电流的产生预示着火灾的发生。
感烟探测器探测的是火灾的初期阶段和发烟阶段，它的优点是比较早地探知火灾的发生，灵敏度高。其缺点是容易发生误报，而且对环境条件要求较高，一般其探头必须设在室内。它适宜探测纤维素火灾及其他产生大量烟雾的火灾。离子室式可探测火灾的初期阶段，预报最早，所以在居住区目前使用离子室式的最多。
2、 感热类探测器
主要通过感应辐射热来探知火灾的发生。此类探测器包括很多形式，但其应用原理只有两个，要么是利用热膨胀；要么是利用熔点低的金属受热熔化。这类探测器
工作可靠不易发生误报。它所探测的是火灾的火焰阶段并
且当辐射热达一定能量时探测器才动作。它的缺点是探测火灾比较晚，也可以说其灵敏度不高。比较而言差温式(或称温度速升式)，灵敏度要高一点。
3、感光类探测器
都是利用光电原理而制成的，也就是说设法把光信号变为电信号，电信号经处理后就能推动报警。现阶段在平台上常用的是紫外线、红外线探测器，他们所感应的是频率较低的火光中的紫外线和红外线，而不感应阳光中的紫外线和红外线，常安装延时器以防止引起的假警报。它的特点是比较可靠，
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