hardly… when/before; scarcely…when/before; no sooner…than; since; ever since; now that
3. 否定词置于句首时需注意倒装。 Hardly had he escaped when he was captured. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
4. when 引导时间状语从句时，如果出现在后半句，可表示“这时突然??”之意。
I was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop. When it comes to…当….提及，涉及到
5. 表示时间先后的连词before可表示条件意义，可译作“只有/必须??才能??”。
New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted. 比较状语从句
The more/less… the more/less… Just as…, so… A is to B what/ as C is to D As A is to B, (so) C is to D No (not any) more… than… No (not any) less… than… Not so much…as…与其说…不如说 You were on time and so was I.
Food is to men what/ as oil is to machine. As food is important to men, (so) oil is to machine.
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He is not more a teacher than we are. He is no less a teacher than we are.
It is not so much the actual population of the world as its rate of increase that catches my attention.
The secret of success is not so much money as a strong will. 补充：no more…than和not more…than的区别
1）不用于比较，后接数词时，no more than意为“仅仅，只不过，只有”（=only），而not more than意为“至多，不超过”（=at the most). eg: There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。（暗指15个鸡蛋太少） eg: There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。（暗指可能少于15个）
（2）用语两者的比较时：“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定，相当于neither...nor...
eg: This story is no more interesting than that one.(=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.)
这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。
“not+形容词或副词比较级+than\是普通的比较级结构，表示前者不如后者，相当于not so...as...
eg: This story is not more interesting than that one.(=This story is not so interesting as that one.)
Note: 注意比较从句中的省略结构，尤其需注意根据省略的主语来选择谓语动词
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的单复数及时态语态。
He has paid more money than has been estimated before.
These proposals attach greater importance to creativity than exist in traditional media. 原因状语从句 as Now that既然 In as/so much as because Considering (that) Not since Seeing (that) because…but In that因为，在于 because… Considering (that ) the shoes are hand-made, the price is reasonable. Seeing (that) he was really upset, we decided to leave him alone.
A thorough physical examination is important in as/so much as it serves to reassure the patient.
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps people to find and correct their mistake. 方式状语从句 as As though (just) as…so… The way As if… (Just) as water is to fish, so air is to man.
Treat others the way （in which） you want others treat you.
Note: as if 和as though引导的方式状语从句既可用虚拟语气也可用陈述语气，需判断从句表达的意思是既定事实或实现的可能性较大，还是与事实相反或几乎不可能实现。
The old lady treats me as if/ as though I were her own son.
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It looks as if the weather may clear soon. 结果状语从句 So…that… So much so that… Such…that… To the With the result that… degree To the extent that… such a that…/to degree that… Alan likes hamburgers so much so that he eats them almost every day. Tom longs to visit the Great Wall, so much so that he dreams about it every day. The bad news upset me to the degree that/ to such a degree that/ to the extent that I couldn’t fall into sleep last night. So.. that
So absorbed was he in the novel that he didn’t realize it was 8 o’clock already. 地点状语从句： where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever he goes, he will bear what his mother says in his mind.
Everywhere he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beautiful flower beds. 对比状语从句： while, whereas
The soles are leather, while the uppers are canvas.
Distance inhibits the flow of ideas between countries whereas trade enhances it. Note: 状语从句中的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句的谓语动词为‖be‖ 时，从句中的 “主语+be‖可省略，变成“连词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/其他”结构。
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She began to learn to play the piano when (she was) very young. I knew a strange but able classmate while (I was) in college.
While (we were) doing the experiment, we noticed something strange. I believe he won’t come unless (he is) invited.
If (it is ) heated to a high temperature, water will change to vapor.
定语从句 名称 意义 结构特点 功能 引导词 限定性对先行词起限定作紧跟先行修饰先所有关系定语从用；指特定的人或词，同先行行词 句 物；不可省略，否词之间没则影响句子完整性 有逗号隔开 非限定对先行词作补充性跟在先行修饰先Which, 性定语的说明；如省略，词后，用逗行词或who, 从句 不影响句子完整性 号与主句整个句whom, as, 隔开 子 介词+ 代词或关系副词 which(不能用that) 只用关系代词that 的情况 1）
先行词是不定代词时，如:something, anything, nothing,
everything, all, much, little, the one, none等 2）
先行词被形容词最高级或first, last, only, some, any, few, much,
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