(When) hearing the news, his mother burst into tears. On hearing the news, his mother burst into tears. 3)
a. 现在分词或分词短语做状语时,也可以表示时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、方式、伴随状况等.其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致,有时with\\without +名词或代词宾格+分词也可以表示伴随状况如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) The teacher stood there surrounded by the students. (方式) He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.(伴随)
b. 分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。如:
Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking . 注意:如果是否定句,not 一般放在句首,如:
Not having received his reply, he decided to write again.
c. 分词做状语时有时可在其前面加上while、when 、if 、even if 、although 、once、 unless等连词,使用何种分词仍然取决于与主语的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词.如:
While staying in Beijing , I visited some of my friends . Unless invited, I will not attend his party.
Although working very hard, he couldn't satisfy his boss.
4) 评述性状语。分词作状语时，在少数情况下分词用来修饰整个句子，其逻辑主
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语与句子的主语不一致，表达了说话人的看法，此时的状语即为评述性状语。评述性状语通常有： generally, broadly, strictly, comparatively, honestly, frankly, roughly speaking, considering, taking…into consideration等。
1. 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，一般来说,句子的主语应是分词的逻辑主语,不然,就会出现不一致的情况但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构一般位于句首，作伴随状语时常位于句尾。如 误: Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes. 正: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
正: When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes. There being no body else, I went home. Without another word spoken, he left the room. 语法
1. The committee has anticipated the problems that _____ in the road construction project. ? A. arise ? C. arose
B. will arise D. have arisen
2. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ______ impossible to comprehend. ? A. has found ? C. had found
B. was finding D. would find
3．It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ________
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by about 10%. ? a. will have risen ? c. will be rising
b. has risen d. has been rising
4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _______. ? a. have expected ? c. were expecting
b. were expected d. had expected
5. The company _________a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.
a. is promised c. is promising
b. has been promising d. promised
6. The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends. ? a. has lasted ? c. will have lasted
b. lasts d. is lasted
7. Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained __________. ? a. to be shown ? c. to have shown
b. to have been shown d. being shown
8. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas ________ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists. ? a. are to challenge ? c. may be challenged
b. are challenging d. have been challenged
9.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ______ for Europe this afternoon.
? A. are to leave
B. are leaving
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? C. is leaving D. leave
10. Jack ______ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.
? A. has been missing ? C. had been missing
B. has been missed D. was missed
11. If you _________ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be dozy now. ? a. haven’t watched ? c. hadn’t watched watched
12. _________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.
? a. Had they arrived ? c. Were they arriving
b. Would they arrive d. Were they to arrive b. didn’t watch
d. wouldn’t have
13. _________ the storm, we should have reached our destination. ? a. For but
b. But for d. In case of
? c. In spite of
14．I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. ? a. could have slept
b. slept
? c. might have slept d. have slept
15. __________it left to me to decide, I would not hesitate to prefer the latter. ? a. If
b. Were
c. Had
d. Should
16．It is important that you _________ to the dean before leaving for your vacation. ? a. speak
b. spoken c. have spoken d. speaks
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17．It’s about time people _______ notice of what women did during the war. ? a. took
b. take
c. have taken
d. will take
18．He ____________ another career but, at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school. ? a. might have chosen
b. might choose
? c. had to choose d. must have chosen
19. It is strange that such a thing __________ in your company. ? a. will happen
b. happens
c. happened d. should happen
20. If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.
a. had received b. received c. should receive d. were receiving
21. He would have finished his college education, but he ______ to quit and find a job to support his family. a. had had b. has
c. had
d. would have
22. It is absolutely essential that William ______ his study in spite of learning difficulties. A. will continue
B. continued
C. continue D. continues
23. Only then/recently ___________ to realize the dangers caffeine might bring to our health.
a. that scientists began b. have scientists begun c. scientists have begun d. that did scientists begin 24. ________ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. a. Not being
b. Had it not been c. Without being d. Not having been
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