2) 表语从句中的特殊结构：the reason …be that…(不用because), what引导的主语从句what…be that…与this/.that/it be because…
The reason why/that Mike got the first prize in the final competition is that he had both the dream and the strong will.
What he saw was that the old man was stealing something in the supermarket. This is because he has both the dream and the strong will.
非限定动词/非谓语动词 动词不定式
英语中常见不定式短语： be supposed to do sth. fail to do sth. find it in one’s heart/ in oneself go all out to do sth. to do sth. go out of one’s way to do sth. have the face/cheek/neck/nerve to do sth. have the goodness to do 常见介词短语有： averse to assent to admit to adhere to amount to accede to appeal to be accustomed to be preferable to be equal to be pertinent to be committed to 26
have a good/great mind to do sth. be dedicated to be related to be reduced to be acclimated to be faithful to be opposed to be familiar to be used to be addicted to be confined to be given (over) be open to to confess to cling to conform to find one’s/ its way to feel up to get down to get up to give mind to one’s give rise to give way to in addition to lead up to point to keep to object to relate…to look forward to lead to put one’s mind pertain to to resort to stand up to turn to 动名词 特别提醒：
succumb to stand to with regard to succeed to take to with a view to stick to testify to with an eye to 1） a动名词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。当动名词跟在含有“需要、值得、经
受”等意义的动词及形容词worth之后时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义。通常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的动词有：take(需要), bear, brook(忍受),stand, 其中，bear, brook, stand也可以用动名词的被动式表示被动意义。 如： The project will take noticing a lot.
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She can’t stand teasing with jokes.=She can’t stand being teased with jokes. This book is worth reading.
b. need, want, deserve, repay, require+ doing或to be done表示被动意义 The clothes need washing.=The clothes need to be washed. 2)“There is no +动名词”结构相当于It is impossible to do sth. There is no getting along with her.= It is impossible to get along with her. 3) 动名词的复合结构
动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语可以分为以下几种：
a.当其逻辑主语是有生命的名词时，用名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语。Tom’s coming is what she has expected.
b.当其逻辑主语是无生命的名词、以-s结尾的名词或一个以上的名词词组或不定代词this, that, something, somebody, someone, none等时，用名词或不定代词的本身作动名词的逻辑主语。
It was quite unexpected their team winning the final match. It ended in the students fighting each other in the classroom. She was awakened by someone shouting outside. 动名词和不定式的区别
a. 一般而言，动名词表示一般习惯与抽象概念，其时间概念不强，指经常出现的动作或状态；而不定式往往表示具体或特定的动作，其时间概念较强。动名词表示泛指，不定式表示特指；动名词表示持续反复的动作，不定式表示一时或一次的动作。
He likes swimming.
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He likes to swim in the village river in the morning.
b. 有些动词后面跟不定式和动名词表示的意义完全不同，有的甚至相反。如： Cease to do sth. 长期停止做某Cease doing sth.暂时停止做某事 事 Can’t help to do sth.帮不了忙去Can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某做某事 事 Forget to do sth.忘了要去做某Forget doing sth.忘记做过的事 事 Leave off doing sth.停止正在做Leave off to do sth.离开去做另的事 外的事 Mean to do sth. 打算做某事 Propose to do sth.打算做某事 Quit to do sth.停下来去做某事 Mean doing sth.意味着 Propose doing sth.建议做某事 Quit doing sth.停下正在做的事 Remember doing sth.记得做过Remember to do sth.记得要做的的事 事 Try to do sth.尽量去做某事 Try doing sth.试着做某事 Stop doing sth.停下正在做的事 Stop to do sth.停下正在做的事Want doing sth.需要被 去做另一件事 Want to do sth.想去做某事 常接动名词的动词有: acknowledgadvise e advocate appreciate avoid 29
consider Enjoy Forbid Mention Suggest 分词
complete Excuse Involve confess Escape Include delay Finish Mind Pardon Deny Favor Miss Resent Necessitate Postpone Stand understand 分词主要具有动词的特征,同时又兼有形容词和副词的特征。现在分词和过去分词的主要区别在于:现在分词表示\主动和进行\过去分词表示\被动和完成\不及物动词只表示完成不表示被动).如 1.____(see) from the mountain ,I can see my hometown.
2._____(see) from the mountain ,my hometown looks very beautiful. 特别提醒
1） 当现在分词所表示的时间和谓语动词所表示的时间不一致时，不能用现在分词作定语，可以用定语从句来表示。 I want to see the boy stealing my wallet.（错）
I want to see the boy who stole my wallet.（对）在有些使役动词后也可用分词作宾
补， 如：set, have, leave, make, get, keep等。
His words set/left/had me crying.(set后的宾补通常是现在分词) I need to get it done as soon as possible. I cannot make myself heard in such a noisy class.
分词作状语：前面可有连词，也可有介词等，分词的逻辑主语通常为句子的主语，应根据分词与其逻辑主语的关系选择合适的分词形式。
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