[派生] establish vt. 建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人[例] Many residents are opposed to the plan of 民接受, 确定 v. 建立 building the motorway. detail n. 细节, 详情 vt. 详述, 细说 [同义] conflict with ,contradict ,counteract, [例] Give me all the details of the accident — tell dispute, fight ,hinder, refute me what happened in detail. [反义] agree vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致,[同义] assign ,commission, delegate ,division, dwell 认, 适合 vt. 同意 on, elaborate, fraction [派生] opposed adj. 反对的, 敌对的 [派生] detailed adj. 详细的, 逐条的 [固定搭配] oppose M to N 把M与N相对照[固定搭配] in detail 精细地，明细地注意细节地；彻底相比； oppose oneself to 反对 地，吹毛求疵地； elegant adj. 文雅的, 端庄的, 雅致的, resource n. 1资源, 财力2办法, 智谋 <口>上品的, 第一流的 [例] Religion is her only resource. [例] an elegant woman 高雅的女人 [同义] ability, device , ingenuity [同义] cultured, fine ,polished ,refined, super[派生] resourceful adj. 资源丰富的, 足智多谋的 [反义] inelegant adj. 不雅的 utility n. 效用, 有用 [派生] elegance n. 高雅, 典雅, 优雅, 雅致 [例] utility furniture 实用家具 [同义] usefulness , benefit Unit 16 [派生] utilize vt. 利用 真题文章（1997年翻译）考研核心词汇 straightforward adj. 1正直的, 坦率的2简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的 adv. 坦率地 philosopher n. 哲学家, 哲人
[例] We took a straightforward route to the beach. [例] a moral philosopher 伦理学家 [派生] straightforwards adv. 笔直地, 率直地 [派生] philosophic adj. 哲学的, 贤明的 oppose vt.反对, 使对立, 使对抗, 抗争 vi. 反对 argue vi. 争论, 辩论 vt. 说服
[例] He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday. 他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。
[同义] bicker, object；persuade , reason
[派生] argument n. 争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for, against), 意见 exist vi. 存在, 生存, 生活, 继续存在
[例] The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. [同义] be ,live, occur , prevail , stand
[派生] existence n.存在,实在,生活,存在物, 实在物 absurd adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的
[例] Their request is absurd. 他们的要求是荒谬的。 [同义] foolish, impossible, ludicrous, ridiculous
[反义] rational adj. 理性的, 合理的, 推理的 n. [数]有理数 [派生] absurdity n. 荒谬, 谬论 fruitless adj. 不结果实的
[例] The search proved fruitless. 搜寻没有结果。
[反义] fruitful adj. 果实结得多的, 多产的, 富有成效的
[派生] fruitlessly adv. 徒劳地, 无益地
displacement n. 1移置, 转移2取代, 置换, 位移3 排水量 [例] excessive displacement 过大位移
[派生] displace vt.移置,转移,取代,置换 v. 转移 chop n. 1砍2排骨3官印；商标 vt. 剁碎, 砍, (风浪)突
[例] The old man chopped the block of wood in two with a single blow.这老头一斧头把木块劈成两半。
[同义] cleave , cut , sever
[派生] chopping adj. 波浪汹涌的, 硕大强健的
ethical adj. 1与伦理有关2民族的, 民族特有的 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 15
[例] I oughtn't to do that, it's not ethical. [派生] ethic n. 道德规范, 伦理 instinct n. 本能
[例] Birds learn to fly by instinct.
[派生] instinctual adj. 本能的 instinctive adj. 本能的
Unit 17
真题文章（1998年翻译）考研核心词汇
cosmic adj. 宇宙的
[例] cosmic speed 宇宙速度（物体摆脱地球引力所需之速度） [反义] chaotic adj. 混乱的, 无秩序的
[派生] cosmical adj. (=cosmic)宇宙的，广大无边的
pattern n. 1模范, 模式2样品, 格调, 图案vt. 1 模仿, 仿造2以图案装饰 vi. 形成图案 [例] You can make a dress from this paper pattern.
[同义] arrangement, design ,example, illustration, model ,paragon, picture primeval adj. 原始的
[例] primeval forests 原始森林 reign vi. 统治, 支配, 盛行, 占优势
n. 统治, 统治时期, 支配
[例] The Queen reigns but does not rule. [同义] prevail, rule
[派生] reigning adj. 统治的,在位的, 本届的, 起支配作用的 [固定搭配] under[in] the reign of ...在...的统治下 burst v. 1爆裂, 炸破2急于；爆发
n. 1突然破裂, 爆发2脉冲
[例] I am bursting with joy. 我高兴得不得了。 [同义] broken , exploded
knot n. (绳等的)结, (树的)节, 节(船速,＝哩／小时) v. 打结 [例] Will you knot the rope round the post? [反义] unknot vt. 解开...结子
[派生] knotted adj. 有节的, 多节的, 棘手的 emit vt. 1发出, 放射2吐露, 散发3发表, 发行
[例] The tail exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle emitted poisonous smoke. [同义] discharge, ooze；send out, give off
[派生] emission n. (光、热等的)散发, 发射, 喷射 condense v. (使)浓缩, 精简
[例] A long story may be condensed into a few sentences. 一个长篇故事可缩写成几句话。
[同义] compress ,concentrate ,reduce, squeeze [反义] expand vt.1使膨胀,扩张2详述vi.张开,发展 [派生] condensable adj. 可压缩(凝缩)的
galaxy n. 1星系, 银河2一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西 [例] a galaxy of entertainers 一群演员 cluster n. 串, 丛 vi. 丛生, 成群
[例] The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs. 孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。 [同义] batch, bunch, group
[反义] disperse v. (使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散
detector n. 1发现者，侦察器,探测器,检波器,检电器 [例] electron detector 电子探测器
[派生] detect vt. 察觉,发觉,侦查,探测 v. 发现 plausible adj. 似是而非的, 似乎合理的；
善言能辩的；能说会道的
[例]It is a plausible story 好象是真实的故事
[同义] believable , logical, reasonable , sensible [反义] genuine adj. 真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的 [派生] plausibility n. 似乎有理, 善辩
Unit 18
真题文章（1999年翻译）考研核心词汇
attempt n. 1努力, 尝试2企图 vt. 1尝试2企图
[例] She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 16
[同义] endeavor ,make an effort, try
partial adj. 1部分的, 局部的2偏袒的, 偏爱的 n. 泛音 [例] The research project was only a partial success. [同义] fractional, fragmentary, limited, partly [反义] total n. 总数, 合计
adj. 总的, 全部的, 整个的 v. 合计, 总数达, 达到 [派生] partially adv. 部分地
partisan n. 1游击队2党人；党徒；帮伙 [例] partisan politics 党的派性政治
affinity n. 1密切关系, 吸引力2姻亲关系；亲合力 [例] She feels a strong affinity for him. good ,interest , prosperity
[反义] misery n. 痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困 [派生] welfarism n. 社会福利国家主义, 社会福利制福利费
centralize vt. 1集聚, 集中2施行中央集权 vi. 集中
中央
[例] centralize the administration of the gold mi[派生] centralized adj. 集中的, 中央集权的 furthermore adv. 此外, 而且
[例] \[派生] affinal adj. 同源的, 姻亲的 n. 姻亲 methodology n. 方法学, 方法论
[例] the methodology of genetic studies [派生] method n. 方法
augment v. 增加, 增大 n. 增加
[例] augment one's income by hard working
[同义] broaden, enlarge ,expand ,extend, increase, magnify , raise [反义] abate vt. 使(数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 除去, 缓和, 打折扣 vi. (数量、程度等)减少, 减轻, 失效, 缓和, (法令等)被废除
[派生] augmentation n. 增加
peculiar adj. 奇特的, 罕见的, 特殊的 n. 特有财产；特权
[例] Language is peculiar to mankind. 语言是人类特有的。
[同义] bizarre, characteristic,
curious ,distinctive ,eccentric, odd, queer
[反义] common adj. 1共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的2庸俗的, 伪劣的 n. [复][总]平民, 公有, 普通, 共通 [派生] peculiarity n. 特性；怪癖 victim n. 受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
[例] She was the victim of a road accident. [同义] dupe , loser, prey , sufferer , underdog [派生] victimize v. 牺牲
[固定搭配] become the victim of (=fall a victim to) 成为...的牺牲品
fallacy n. 谬误, 谬论
[例] The fallacy has been exposed in its naked absurdity.这谬论的荒诞性已被充分揭露。 equate vt. 使相等, [数]视为平等 vi. 等同
[例] You can't equate his poems with his plays. [派生] equation n. 相等,平衡,方程式, 等式
Unit 19
真题文章（2000年翻译）考研核心词汇
welfare n. 福利, 安宁, 幸福, 福利事业 adj.福利的 [例] public welfare funds 公共福利基金
[同义] advantage , behalf , benefit , comfort,
too far from the office.\
[同义] again, also, besides ,by the same token,addition, likewise ,similarly compel vt. 强迫, 迫使
[例] The rain compelled us to stay indoors. [同义] force, make ,require
[反义] free adj. 1自由的2大方的, 免费的, 免税的丰富的4空闲的vt. 释放, 使自由 adv. 自由地, 免费[派生] compelling adj. 强制的,强迫的,引人注目的
[固定搭配] compel sb. to do sth. 强迫人做某事；be compelled to (do) 不得不（
wastage n. 1消耗量, 损耗2废物 考研英语核心词汇速胜经 17
[例] factory wastage 工厂废物 [派生] waste
n. 1废物2浪费；损耗, 消耗 3荒地 adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的
vi. 1轻叩, 轻拍2轻声走 n. <美>(用复数)熄灯号 vt.浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜
vi. 1被浪费, 挥霍钱财2变消瘦；被损耗 tap n. 1轻打2活栓；水龙头
vt. 1轻打, 轻敲, 敲打出2开发, 分接3使流出4选择[例] Her words offended me. 她的话伤了我的感情。 [例] She tapped him on the shoulder. [同义] faucet ,pat, rap ,spigot hitherto adv. 迄今, 至今
[例] The weather, which had hitherto been sunny and mild, suddenly turned cold.
[同义] till now , up to now , so far [反义] henceforth adv. 自此以后, 今后 intervention n. 干涉
[例] armed intervention 武装干涉
[同义] infringement ,interference, intrusion
[派生]
interventionist n.干涉主义者adj.干涉主义的
innovation n. 改革, 创新
[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller. [派生] innovative adj. 创新的, 革新(主义)的 innovate vi. 改革, 创新
industrialize vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化 [派生] industrialized adj. 工业化的 nowadays adv. 现今, 现在
[例] Nowadays people travel by plane. [同义] now , today
[派生] nowadays adj. 现在的, 当前的
Unit 20
真题文章（2001年翻译） 考研核心词汇
link n. 1链环, 连结物2链接
vt. 1连结2联合3挽 vi. 连接起来
[例] A lot of links fitted together form a chain. [同义] bridge ,combine, connect, couple ,join ,put together, unite
[派生] linked adj. 连接的, 显示连环遗传的 sensory adj. 感觉的, 感官的
[例] sensory nervous system 感觉神经系(统) vacation n. 1假期, 休假2(房屋等的)腾出
v. <美>度假, 休假
[例] She has gone to Canada on vacation. [同义] holiday , rest, leave, liberty ,recess ,sabbatical
[派生] vacationist n. 度假者, 休假者 [固定搭配] on vacation 在度假；
vacation at [in] 在...度假
offend v. 1犯罪, 冒犯, 违反2得罪, 使...不愉快
[同义] disgust, displease, horrify, hurt, insult ,pain
[反义] defend vt. 防护, 辩护, 防卫, [律]作...的辩护律师
[派生] offender n. 罪犯, 冒犯者
chip n.1碎片2筹码 v. 1削成碎片,碎裂 2芯片 [例] The bowl has a chipped edge. 碗边上有个缺口。
[同义] bit ,break, crack ,crumb, piece schedule n. 时间表, 进度表 v. 确定时间
[例] The task will be finished ahead of schedule if nothing prevents.
[同义] enumerate, index, line up, list, post , program , slate
[派生] scheduled adj. 预定的
piece n . 1 块, 件, 片, 篇, 张, 条2硬币 vt. 接合, 修补, 凑合
[例] piece together the facts 拼凑事实
[同义] bit ,division, part, portion ,section, segment, share
[派生] pieceable adj. 可接合的, 可修补的 unique adj. 唯一的, 独特的
[例] That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed. 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 18