周世国:曲线曲面积分部分难题解答
6.(P202,第6题)计算沿逆时针方向的圆周?x2?y2?a2?的曲线积分 ??x?y?dx2??x?y?dy2lx?y.
?x?acost, 解:l:?,t:0~2?y?asint.?,所以,
??x?y?dx22???x?y?dy2lx?y?
dt??acost?asint???asint???acost?asint?.?acost?a20
??2??aa220dt??2?.
7.(P202,第7题)计算下列曲线积分,曲线的方向与参数增加方向: (ⅰ)??x2?2xy?dx??y2?2xy?dy,l为抛物线y?x2??1?x?1?;
l(ⅱ)?l?x2(ⅲ)?l?y2?y2?dx??x?2?ydy,l为折线y?1?x?1?0?x?2?;
2??z2?x?t,?2,2dx?2yzdy?xdz,l的参数方程为?y?t?0?t?1?.;
?z?t3,??x?x,x:?1~1. 解:(ⅰ)l:?2?y?x
??xl2?2xydx?y?2xydy
??2? ? ????x1?12?2x.x2???x4?2x.x.2xdx
2????1?15?x34x?114x?4xdx?2????. ?|05?15?324?(ⅱ)设点A?1,0?.则
??xL2?ydx?x?y2??22?dy???xOA2?ydx?x?y2??22?dy???xAB2?ydx?x?y2??22?dy
其中 OA:??y?x,?x?x,x:0~1.
6
周世国:曲线曲面积分部分难题解答
故
??xOA2?ydx?x?y2??22?dy????x102?x2???x2?x2??dx ??102xdx?22x33|10?23.;
其中
?y?2?x,AB:??x?x,x:1~2.
故
??xAB2?ydx?x?y2??22?dy????x212??2?x?2???x2??2?x?.??1?dx
2????212?2?x?dx?22?x?2?33|21?23.
所以
原式?23?23?43.
2(ⅲ)?l?y2 ? ?10?z42?dx?2yzdy6?xdz
322???t10?t??2.t42.t.2t?t.3tdt
???3t6?2t?dt1?3725?1??t?t?|?.
05?35?78.(P202,第8题)设曲线l的长度为L,而函数f?P?在包含l的某个区域内连续.证明:
证明:
设f?P???f1?P?,f2?P??.
由第二型曲线积分的定义及柯西不等式
故
n?f?P?..drl?L.maxf?P?.
P?l?f?P?.drl?limd?0??f?P?.?x1ii?1i?f2?Pi?.?yi?
?f?P?.drln?limd?0??f?P?.?x1ii?1ni?f2?Pi?.?yi?
?limd?0??f?P?.?x1ii?1i?f2?Pi?.?yi?
7
周世国:曲线曲面积分部分难题解答
?limnd?0?i?1nf12?Pi??f22?Pi?.??xi?2???yi?2???yi?2
?limnd?0?f?P?.??x?iii?12
?limd?0?maxf?P?.??x?ii?1P?l2???yi??maxf?P?.?ds?L.maxf?P?
2l9.(P209,第1题)求下列曲面块的面积:
P?lP?l(ⅰ)球面x2?y2?z2?a2包含在圆柱面x2?y2?b2?0?b?a?内的那部分面积;
(ⅱ)圆锥面z?x?y22被圆柱面x2?y2?2x截下的那一部分;
(ⅲ)圆柱面x2?y2?a2被圆柱面y2?z2?a2截下的那一部分.
解:(ⅰ)画出示意图Dxy:x2?y2?b2. 将曲面方程化为?:z?a2?x2?y2,则
?z?x??xa?x?y2222,?z???y2ya?x?y22,所以,
2 dS?因此
??z???z?1????????x???y?dxd?yaa?x?y222d. xdy S?2S上?2??Dxy极aa?x?yardra?r22222 dxdy?? ?2?0d??02?b?122?2?a??.2a?r?2|?
0b ?4?aa?a2?b2.
(ⅱ)画出示意图Dxy:x2?y2?2x. 由曲面方程?:z?
?z?x?xx?y22??x?y22,得
,
2?z?y?yx?y222,,所以,
dS?因此
??z???z???1???dxdy??????x???y?2dxd,y.
8
周世国:曲线曲面积分部分难题解答
S???Dxy2dxdy?2S?Dxy??2?.
(ⅲ)利用对称性(仅在第一卦限内计算)
S?8S1,曲面?1(?1为?在第一卦限的那部分,其面积设为S1)向yoz面
上的投影区域为Dyz:y2?z2?a2. 将曲面?1方程化为x?a?y22,则
?x?y?y?,
?x,所以,
a2?y2 ?z?0,22 dS?1????x?a?????x??y????dydz????z?a2?y2dydz.
因此
S?8Sa1?8??22dydz Dyza?y22 ?8?adya?ya0?08a2?y2dz??aadz?820a.
10.(P209,第2题)求下列曲面积分:
(ⅰ)??dSS?1?x?y?2,式中S为四面体?x?0,y?0,z?0,x?y?z?1?的表面;(ⅱ)???x2?y2?dS,式中S为圆柱体?x2?y2?a2,0?z?h?的表面;
S(ⅲ)???x?y?z?dS,式中S为球面?x2?y2?z2?a2?的表面.
S解:(ⅰ)S?S1?S2?S3?S4. 其中
S1:z?0, dS1?dxdy,
??dS11?1?x?y?2???2dxdy??10dx?1?x0S1Dxy?1?x?y??1?x?y?2dy
??1??1?1?x10?1?x??|0dx???11??y?0?x?2?dx?1??
??1?11?0???dx?ln?1?x?|1?1?ln2?1;
?1?x2?022 9
周世国:曲线曲面积分部分难题解答
S2:x?0, dS2?dydz,
??dS1?y12???S2?1?x?y?Dyz?1?0?y?2dydz??10dy?10?1?y?2dz
??11?y10?1?y?2dy????20???1?dy
?1?y?21?y??? ??211?y|10?ln?1?y?|0?1?ln2;
S3:y?0,
dS3?dzdx,
??dS1?2?1???12?dx0?1?x10S3x?y?Dzx?dzdx?1?x?0??1?x?2dz
??11?x10?1?x?2dx????21??0???1?x?2?1?x?dx ? ??211?x|10?ln?1?x?|0?1?ln2;
S4:z?1?x?y, dS4?3dxdy,
??dS??111?x1?1?x?y?2?32dxdy?3?0dx?
S4Dxy?1?x?y?0?1?x?y?2dz ?3?1??1?1?x30?1??1?1???1?x?y?|0dx???1?x2?dx0?
?3?1?1?3ln?x111?0?3??1?x?12?dx???1?|0?23??ln2??2?.;
?所以
??dSdSdSdSdS?1?x?y?2???2?2S?1???S1x?y??1?x?y2???S2?3?1?x?y???S4?1?x?y?2
S
???ln2?1?2???1?ln2???1?ln2??3??ln2?1?3?1ln2?3???2???2?2?.
(ⅱ)S?S1?S2?S3.
10