第12讲
合句译法。把两个或两个以上的句子合成一句。 英译汉1）2）
1）Darkness fell. 11 An explosion shook the earth. 11 It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降临时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没动摇他上前线的决心。
2）She is very busy at home. 11She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙，又要照看孩子，又要下厨。 （冯庆华不是“照看”是“看好”） 汉译英3）到8）。注意连接词。
3）袭人之母也早迎了出来。11袭人拉了宝玉进去。
By now Xiren?s mother had come out to greet him too, and Xiren led Baoyu in. 连接词and
4）讲动武，祥子不能打个老人，也不能打个姑娘。11他的力量没地方用。
It was impossible for Xiangzi to hit an old man or a woman, so there was nowhere for him to use his strength. 连接词so
5）还是热，心里可镇定多了。11凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。
It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. 连接词for
6）仔细地听了听，她没有去生火炉，也没有去收拾房间。11他赶快跳下床来打开一条门缝向外一望----院子里冷清清一个人影也没有。
When he had listened intently and made sure that she was not lightening the fire or cleaning the room, he bounded out of bed, opened the door a little, and peered into the courtyard----no one was there. 连接词When
7）过了两年，他又换过学校，却遇见了一个值得感佩的同事。11那同事是个诚朴的人，提任教师有六七年了。
Two years later he changed to yet another school, and there he met a colleague whom he could not help admiring and feeling drawn to, as he was a sincere, plain-spoken fellow who had been a teacher for six or seven years. 连接词as
8）这地主姓高，叫敬斋。11过去铁道游击队在这里住的时候，李正曾跟他和另外几个地主谈过话，要他们积极帮助抗日。
This landlord was the same Gao Jingzhai who, with several other landlords, had once been interviewed by Li Zheng and asked to render substantial assistance to the guerillas in the resistance against the Japanese. 连接词who,
第13讲
缩句译法。把原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要句子的组成部分，大多紧缩成状语，也有一部分紧缩成定语和同位语乃至主语。 与合句译法的区别。
合句译法。合句之后的句子成分是分句、从句
缩句译法。缩句之后的句子成分是状语、定语、同位语、主语。
21
英译汉1）到3）
1）It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 1945年4月，第二次世界大战已接近尾声。 （缩为状语）
2）She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。 （缩为定语）
3）Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 她的父亲，二次世界大战中的一个杀人凶手，竟当上了这个城市的市长。 （缩为同位语）
汉译英4）到7）
4）历来野史，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数。
The trouble is that so many romances contain slanderous anecdotes about sovereigns and ministers or cast aspersions upon other men?s wives and daughters so that they are packed with sex and violence. （缩为定语）
（节选的。添加the trouble。不用管。）
5）太阳当顶了。田野，丛树，屋舍，都显现在光明肃穆的大平面上。
With the sun right overhead now, the fields, the clumps of trees and the huts were all picked out clearly on a vast, flat surface, brilliantly lit and still. （缩为状语）
6）车子慢慢地走着，在一个泥洼子里渥住了。老孙头一面骂牲口，一面跳下地来看。
The lumbering cart got stuck in the mud. Swearing at his beasts, Old Sun jumped down to take a look. （一个缩为主语，一个缩为状语）
7）他们到了杨集。这是老洪带着队伍从枣庄过来和申茂队员们会合的庄子。 They arrived at Yangji, the village where Liu Hong and his men had first met Shen Mao’s group when they came from Zaozhuang. （缩为同位语）
第14讲 转态译法
主动语态转化成被动语态，被动语态转化成主动语态。
一般来说，英语中的被动语态比汉语中的被动语态多。汉语中的被动语态一般出现在一些比较简短的词组或句子里。比如，他被杀了。被捕。
英译汉1）到3）
1）He hadn’t been told Bette?s other name, or he?d forgotten it. （冯庆华是She，下面是“她”）
人家没告诉过他蓓蒂姓什么，要不然也许是他忘了。
2）Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.
22
许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。
3）He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba. 在巴蒂斯塔逃离古巴后，他马上获释。
汉译英
4）说话时，已摆了茶果上来。
Meanwhile refreshments had been served. 5）当下众人七言八语。
By now proposals of all kinds were being made. 6）全国同胞们，中华人民共和国现已宣告成立。（《毛泽东选集》第五卷） Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People?s Republic of China is proclaimed.
第15讲 正反译法
肯定说法、否定说法之间的相互转换。
英译汉反转正
1）We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。
2）Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧。
3）The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time. 来自莫斯科的列车将很快到达。
汉译英正转反
4）他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。
The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 5）那个房间的窗户总是关着的。
The windows of that room were never open. 6）这个小孩现在完全能自己走路了。 The child can walk without any help now. 7）法律面前，人人平等。 Law is no respecter of persons.
汉译英反转正
8）我们还没到达机场，飞机就已经起飞了。
The plane had taken off before we arrived at the airport. 9）请勿大声喧哗。 Keep quiet. 10）还没到家，她就激动得不得了。
She got extremely excited before she reached her home.
23