潍坊市农业产业化评价与对策研究
摘 要
农业产业化是促进农业结构战略快速调整的重要途径，是提高农业效益、增强农业市场竞争力、增加农民收入的有效举措。农业产业化创新了农业经营体制，有利于发展区域化布局、规模化生产、标准化管理、社会化服务的新型规模经济，在新农村建设中发挥着积极的作用。农业产业化是调和新时期农户分散经营与农业快速发展之间矛盾的必然产物，是农业现代化发展的必然选择。
本文结合国内外对农业产业化的研究成果，对农业产业化进行了重新定义。同时以农业产业化的发源地潍坊市为主要研究对象，通过了解潍坊的自然地理情况和社会经济情况，收集潍坊农业发展的数据，进而对潍坊市的农业发展现状进行了总体审视。利用现阶段在农业产业化评价中应用广泛的进程评价指标体系对潍坊农业产业化的发展现状进行了评价。并且以农业生产函数为基础，以计量经济学为工具，对潍坊农业的投入产出效率进行了分析，明确了现阶段影响潍坊农业发展的各要素的贡献率大小。本文的主要结论如下：
（1）农业产业化是调和新时期农户分散经营与农业快速发展之间矛盾的必然产物，是农业现代化发展的必然选择。
（2）近年来潍坊农业发展因素对农业产值的影响由大到小依次为：农业机械总动力、农业财政投入、农业劳动人数、化肥施用量和耕地面积。为促进潍坊农业产业化的发展，应该继续在规模化、机械化、科技化发展上加大投入，提高政府的财政投入，以及提高从业人员的数量及素质。利用指标体系对潍坊农业产业化进程进行评价，2010年潍坊农业产业化发展水平指标值为87.8，处于发展中级阶段。同时得出现阶段潍坊市农业产业化的不足是：有效灌溉面积偏小、龙头企业规模上仍显不足、农业从业人员素质仍处于较低水平、农业生产中高新科技所占比例较低以及产品市场化体系不够完善。
（3）潍坊农业的发展与农业产业化息息相关，针对进程评价中所表现出来的各种不足以及投入产出效率评价中各种因素的贡献指数，现阶段发展的重点应该是：一是建立健全农业产业化相关法律法规，给予农业产业化的发展以制度保障；二是逐步完善农业产业化发展专项规划,给予农业产业化的发展以总的指导；三是加大农田水利基础设施建设，增加有效灌溉面积比重；四是促进农业龙头企
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业规模上的提升，提高龙头企业的带动力；五是提高农业生产从业人员文化素质水平，提升农业产业化发展的核心竞争力；六是完善农业技术推广长效机制，普及高新技术在农业生产中的应用；七是进一步完善农产品市场体系，增强国内外市场的导向性；八是完善农村金融体系建设，加强农业产业融资能力。
关键词：农业产业化
现状 评价 对策
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Study on Evaluation and Countermeasure of Agricultural
Industrialization in Weifang
ABSTRACT
Agricultural industrialization is an important way of promoting development of agriculture. It also can improve agricultural efficiency, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural markets and increase income of farmers. Agricultural industrialization innovates the agricultural economy system. It’s a new economic model which benefits on development of regional distribution, large-scale production, standardization management and social service. It plays an active role in the new rural development. Agricultural industrialization is an essential to reconcile farmers’ contradiction between fragmentation and rapid development of agriculture in the new era of natural product, also an inevitable selection of agricultural modernization.
On the basis of researching agricultural industrialization theories of domestic and international，this paper redefines agricultural industrialization. By researching nature and social conditions of Weifang city, collecting data of Weifang agricultural development, this paper carries on an overall review on agriculture development of Weifang city. With using the evaluation index system which is wildly used, this paper evaluates current situation of agricultural development in Weifang city. On the basis of agriculture production function and taking econometrics as a tool, an analysis is made about Input-output efficiency of agriculture. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) Agricultural industrialization is an essential to reconcile farmers’ contradiction between fragmentation and rapid development of agriculture in the new era of natural product, also an inevitable selection of agricultural modernization.
(2) In recent years the Weifang agricultural development to the agricultural output value influence from large to small in turn was Farm machinery gross power, agricultural finance investment, agriculture labor population, chemical fertilizer employment quantity and cultivated area. In order to promote the Weifang agriculture industrial production development, it is essential to enlarge the investment in the
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formalization, the mechanization, the science and technology development to enlarge the investment, enhances the government the financial investment, as well as enhancement jobholders' quantity and quality. By using the index system to evaluate the process of Weifang agriculture industrialization, the Weifang agriculture industrial production level of development target value is 87.8 in 2010.The insufficiency of agricultural industrialization in Weifang is effective irrigation area is small, agriculture leading enterprise scale still quality is still at a low level, low proportion of agricultural production in high and new technology and product marketing system is also incomplete.
(3) The current stage of agriculture industrialization development should focus on: First, to establish and perfect the relevant laws and regulations of agricultural industrialization; second, gradually perfecting the special plan for the development of agricultural industrialization; third, to step up infrastructure construction of irrigation and water conservancy, and the promotion of agricultural leading enterprise-scale promotion of; five is raising the level of agricultural production in China and cultural qualities; six is the perfect mechanism of agricultural technology extension; seven to further perfecting the system of agricultural product market; eight is to improve the rural financial system.
Key words: Agricultural industrialization Current situation Evaluation
Countermeasure
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目 录
摘 要 ...................................................................... I ABSTRACT .................................................................. III 0引言 ....................................................................... 1
0.1研究背景与研究目的 ........................................................................................................ 1
0.1.1研究背景 ................................................................................................................ 1 0.1.2 研究意义 ............................................................................................................... 2 0.1.3研究目的 ................................................................................................................ 2 0.2国内外研究现状与发展动态 ............................................................................................ 2
0.2.1国内研究现状 ........................................................................................................ 2 0.2.2国外研究现状 ........................................................................................................ 3 0.3 主要研究的内容及研究方法 ........................................................................................... 6 0.4论文可能的的创新之处 .................................................................................................... 7 1 农业产业化的基础理论 ....................................................... 8
1.1农业产业化的概念 ............................................................................................................ 8 1.2农业产业化的理论基础 .................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1规模经济理论 ........................................................................................................ 9 1.2.2 可持续发展理论 ................................................................................................. 10 1.2.3 产业关联理论 ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 农业产业化的基本特征 ................................................................................................. 12 1.4 农业产业化发展的基本原则 ......................................................................................... 12 2 潍坊市农业产业化的现状 .................................................... 14
2.1潍坊市概况 ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.2潍坊市农业产业化发展的历程 ...................................................................................... 15 2.3 潍坊市农业产业化的现状 ............................................................................................. 16
2.3.1 农业基础条件得到快速发展 ............................................................................. 16 2.3.2 农业产值取得较快增长 ..................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 农村居民生活质量得到较大提高 ..................................................................... 17 2.3.4 农产品品牌建设渐显成效 ................................................................................. 18 2.3.5 农业产业结构趋于优化 ..................................................................................... 18 2.3.6 龙头企业取得一定发展 ..................................................................................... 19 2.3.7 农产品市场体系不断完善 ................................................................................. 20 2.3.8 农业高新科技逐渐受到重视 ............................................................................. 21
3潍坊市农业产业化的实证评价 ................................................ 23
3.1农业产业化评价的原则 .................................................................................................. 23 3.2 潍坊农业产业化进程评价的指标体系 ......................................................................... 24 3.3 潍坊市农业投入产出效率评价 ..................................................................................... 25 3.4 潍坊市农业产业化中存在的不足 ................................................................................. 26
3.4.1有效灌溉面积偏小 .............................................................................................. 26 3.4.2 龙头企业规模上仍显不足 ................................................................................. 27 3.4.3 农产品市场化体系不够完善 ............................................................................. 27 3.4.4 农业从业人员素质仍处于较低水平 ................................................................. 28 3.4.5 农业生产中高新科技所占比例较低 ................................................................. 28
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