摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快,城市建设的地下室越来越大,越来越深,这是城市建筑大型化、高层化以及充分利用地下室空间带来的结果,然而地下室属于隐蔽工程,如果在今后使用过程中出现漏水现象,后果将不堪设想,因而地下室的防水工程就显得尤为重要和突出。
虽然造成渗漏的原因有很多种，但其中比较重要的有这几种：设计、施工以及混凝土受温度等原因造成的变形裂缝等主要方面。本方案主要研究地下室以及在对地下室施工过程中所常见的问题，例如地下室墙体产生裂缝，地下室发生渗漏，地下室超长混凝土结构施工中如何防止混凝土产生裂缝和混凝土的变形等等。经过研究本方案提出了如下解决办法： 设置后浇带。设置后浇带是为了释放变形产生的约束应力，所以是目前运用比较广泛的防止温度收缩变形产生裂缝的一种方法，并且是扩大伸缩缝间距或者取消伸缩缝的有效措施；提高混凝土的抗渗能力。在混凝土中添加掺量为0.6～0.8kg/m3的聚丙烯纤维，有效地抑制混凝土早期干缩微裂及离析裂纹的产生及发展，极大减少混凝土的收缩裂缝，尤其是有效抑制了连通裂缝的产生；均匀分布在混凝土中彼此相粘连的大量纤维起着“承托”骨料的作用，降低了混凝土表面的析水与骨料的离析，从而使混凝土中的孔隙含量大大降低，可以极大地提高抗渗能力。 关键词：地下室、防水、裂缝
ABSTRACT
Along with urbanized advancement quickening, the urban construction basement is more and more big, more and more deep, this is the city construction large scale, the high stratification as well as fully the result which brings using the basement space, however the basement belongs to the concealed work, if will appear the water leakage phenomenon in the next use process, the consequence will be
inconceivable, thus the basement waterproof project will appear especially is important and is prominent.
Although creates the leakage the reason to have very many kinds, but quite important has these kinds: The design, the construction as well as the concrete the strain crack which reasons and so on temperature is created and so on the principal aspect.Do this plan main research basements as well as in to the basement construction process in the common question, for example the basement wall produce the crack, the basement have the leakage, how in the basement ultra long concrete structure construction prevented the coagulation local product seams with concrete distortion and so on.After studied this plan to propose the following solution: 1 establishment the pouring belt.
establishment the pouring belt is in order to release the restraint stress which the distortion produces, therefore is at present utilizes quite widely prevented the temperature shrinkage strain has the crack one method, and is expands the expansion joint spacing or cancels the expansion joint the effective action. 2 enhances the concrete impervious ability to increase in the concrete mixes the quantity is the 0.6~0.8kg/m3 polypropylene textile fiber, suppresses the concrete early time air shrinkage checking and the segregation crack production and the development effectively, reduces the concrete enormously the contraction crack, effectively has suppressed the connect crack production in
particular; The uniform distribution each other adhesion massive textile fibers plays in the concrete;is supporting; the aggregate role, reduced the concrete surface bleeding and the aggregate segregation, thus causes in the concrete the void content to reduce greatly, may sharpen the impervious ability enormously.
Keywords：Basement ， waterproof， crack
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目 录
中文摘要 ................................................ 0 英文摘要 ................................................ 1 1 绪论 .................................................. 6
1.1工程概况 .............................................................. 6 1.2 工程结构设计概况 ...................................................... 6
2 编制依据 .............................................. 8 3 土建施工方法及工艺要求 ................................. 9
3.1 施工测量 ............................................................. 9 3.1.1 控制点的确认 ....................................................... 9 3.1.2 控制轴线的布设和测设 ............................................... 9 3.1.3 标高控制 ........................................................... 9 3.1.4 标高引测 .......................................................... 10 3.1.5 结构施工测量精度要求 .............................................. 10 3.1.6 沉降观测 .......................................................... 10 3.1.7 措施要点 .......................................................... 10 3.2 钢筋工程 ............................................................. 10 3.2.1钢筋翻样 .......................................................... 10 3.2.2 钢筋加工 .......................................................... 10 3.2.3 钢筋施工流程 ...................................................... 11 3.2.4 钢筋连接工艺 ...................................................... 11 3.2.5 钢筋的绑扎安装 .................................................... 14 3.3 模板工程 ............................................................ 17
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3.3.1 模板体系 .......................................................... 17 3.3.2 施工方法 .......................................................... 19 3.3.3. 支模质量要求 ..................................................... 21 3.4 混凝土工程 .......................................................... 23 3.4.1材料要求（对商品混凝土供应商的要求） .............................. 23 3.4.3 后浇带、施工缝的留置与处理 ........................................ 24 3.4.4 混凝土养护 ....................................................... 27 3.4.5 混凝土试块制作 ................................................... 28 3.4.6 混凝土质量要求 ................................................... 28 3.5 地下室防水工程....................................................... 28 3.5.1. 防水涂料涂刷 ..................................................... 28 3.5.2. 防水卷材铺贴 ..................................................... 29 3.5.3 质量要求 .......................................................... 30
4 针对本工程特点采用的特殊措施 ......................... 31
4.1 地下室超长混凝土结构施工技术措施 ..................................... 31 4.1.1.原材料的选择 ...................................................... 31 4.1.2 配合比设计 ....................................................... 31 4.1.3 钢筋的配置 ....................................................... 32 4.1.4 混凝土的浇筑 ..................................................... 32 4.1.5 混凝土的养护 ..................................................... 32 4.2 地下室止水带施工技术措施 ............................................. 33 4.2.1 钢板止水带 ........................................................ 33 4.2.2 橡胶止水带 ........................................................ 33
5 质量保证措施 ........................................ 37
5.1 主要分项工程的质量保证措施 ........................................... 37 5.1.1 测量放线 .......................................................... 37 5.1.2 模板工程 .......................................................... 37 5.1.3 钢筋工程施工 ...................................................... 37
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5.1.4 混凝土工程施工 .................................................... 38 5.1.5 其他质量控制措施 .................................................. 39 5.2 成品保护措施 ........................................................ 39 5.2.1 防水施工 .......................................................... 39 5.2.2 模板工程 ......................................................... 39 5.2.3 钢筋工程 ......................................................... 39 5.2.4 混凝土工程 ....................................................... 38
致谢?????????????????????.??????????????41 参 考 文 献 ............................................ 42
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