本科生毕业设计（论文）
题 目： 以[BmIm]Cl为中间体的碱性
离子液体合成及热稳定性研究
学生姓名： 潘丽霞 系 别： 化学化工系 专业年级： 应用化学2008级1班 指导教师： 徐 鸣
2012 年 6 月20 日
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
本课题以N-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料，以常规加热法制备了[BmIm]Cl离子液体，并与微波辅助合成进行了比较，探索了微波功率、反应物物质的量之比、反应温度等反应条件对产物收率的影响。结果表明：传统加热制备中间体条件温和，操作简单，反应充分，产率高。最终得到中间体[BmIm]Cl离子液体最佳反应条件是N-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷以1:1.2的物质的量之比，反应温度为90℃，进行常规加热反应9h。以[BmIm]Cl离子液体为原料，通过与NaOH的置换反应得到[BmIm]OH碱性离子液体，测定了产率，检测了其热稳定性。制备[BmIm]OH碱性离子液体的最佳反应条件是：[BmIm]Cl与NaOH物质的量比为1:1.2，以乙醇为溶剂，反应温度为65℃，进行常规加热反应7h。对[BmIm]OH热稳定性的研究表明，温度在70℃~110℃范围内热稳定性好，失重率最高为0.211%，几乎可以忽略其质量的损失。超过110℃~150℃时[BmIm]OH分解速率明显加快，从110℃~150℃质量的失重率达到了60.49%，由此可见：[BmIm]OH作为催化剂最佳使用范围低于110℃，在此范围内热稳定性好。 关键词：[BmIm]OH；[BmIm]Cl；置换法；热稳定性
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
This paper takes N- methyl imidazole and n-butyl chloride as raw material by conventional heating, and [BmIm]Cl was prepared with ionic liquid, then microwave assisted synthesis were compared, exploration of microwave power, reactant molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction conditions on the yield of product effect. The results show that: the traditional heating intermediates for the preparation of mild condition, simple operation, complete reaction, high yield. Finally the experiment, have got the intermediates [BmIm]Cl ionic liquid optimum reaction conditions of N- methylimidazole and n-butyl chloride by 1:1.2molar ratio, and the reaction temperature is 90℃, conventional heating reaction of 9h. With [BmIm]Cl ionic liquid as raw material, through NaOH replacement reaction obtain [BmIm]OH basic ionic liquid, determination of yield, detection of its thermal stability. Preparation of [BmIm]OH alkaline ionic liquid and the optimum reaction conditions were: [BmIm]Cl and NaOH molar ratio of 1 :1.2, with ethanol as solvent, reaction temperature is 65℃, conventional heating reaction of 7h. On the thermal stability of [BmIm]OH research shows that, the temperature at 70℃~110℃ within the heat stability, weight loss rate is the highest for the 0.211%, almost negligible mass loss. More than 110℃~150℃[BmIm]OH decomposition rate increase significantly,while from 110℃~150℃ mass loss rate reached 60.49%, thus: [BmIm]OH as catalyst and best use range below 110℃, the heat stability.
Key words: [BmIm]OH; [BmIm]Cl; Displacement method; Thermal stability
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
第一章 前言 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究目的及意义 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究背景 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1离子液体 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 碱性离子液体 ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 实验方案 ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 预计目标以及工作计划 ............................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 预期目标 ................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.2 阶段性工作计划 .................................................................................................... 4 第二章 实验部分 .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（[BmIm]Cl）的制备 ......................................................... 6 2.1.1 实验仪器与药品 .................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 实验原理 ................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.3 实验步骤 ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 氢氧根型碱性离子液体的制备（离子交换法） ....................................................... 7 2.2.1 实验仪器与药品 .................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 实验原理 ................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 实验步骤 ................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 AgNO3溶液的配制及标定 ........................................................................................ 8 2.4 中间体[BmIm]Cl产率的测定 ..................................................................................... 9 2.4.1 实验仪器与药品 .................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 实验原理 ................................................................................................................ 9 2.4.3 实验步骤 ................................................................................................................ 9 2.5 目标产物[BmIm]OH产率的测定 ............................................................................. 10 2.5.1 实验仪器与药品 .................................................................................................. 10 2.5.2 实验原理 .............................................................................................................. 10 2.5.3 实验步骤 .............................................................................................................. 10
中国石油大学胜利学院本科毕业设计（论文）
2.6 目标产物[BmIm]OH热稳定性的测定 ......................................................................11 2.6.1 实验仪器与药品 ...................................................................................................11 2.6.2 实验原理 ...............................................................................................................11 2.6.3 实验步骤 .............................................................................................................. 12 第三章 实验结果与讨论 .................................................................................................... 13 3.1 N-甲基咪唑与氯代正丁烷反应 .................................................................................. 13 3.1.1 反应物比例对[BmIm]Cl产率的影响 ................................................................ 13 3.1.2 反应温度对[BmIm]Cl产率的影响 .................................................................... 14 3.1.3 反应时间对[BmIm]Cl产率的影响 .................................................................... 15 3.1.4 微波加热与常规方法的比较 .............................................................................. 16 3.2 [BmIm]Cl与NaOH反应制取[BmIm]OH ................................................................. 18 3.2.1 反应物比例对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（无水乙醇作溶剂） .......................... 18 3.2.2 反应温度对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（无水乙醇作溶剂） .............................. 19 3.2.3 反应时间对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（无水乙醇作溶剂） .............................. 21 3.2.4 反应物比例对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（正丁醇作溶剂） .............................. 22 3.2.5 反应温度对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（正丁醇作溶剂） .................................. 23 3.2.6 反应时间对[BmIm]OH产率的影响（正丁醇作溶剂） .................................. 24 3.2.7 反应溶剂对[BmIm]OH产率的影响 .................................................................. 25 3.3 碱性离子液体[BmIm]OH热稳定性的测定 ............................................................. 26 3.3.1 70~100℃下[BmIm]OH热稳定的测定 ............................................................... 26 3.3.2 110~150℃下[BmIm]OH热稳定性的测定 ......................................................... 27 3.4 小结 ............................................................................................................................. 29 第四章 结论 ........................................................................................................................ 30 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................ 32 致谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 33 附录A: ................................................................................................................................... 34 附录B: ................................................................................................................................... 38