work hard: 动词短语,―努力工作‖hard 是副词,修饰动作work. eg. a hard-working student ; He is hard-working.
Alice works hard.
2. forget to do忘记做……‖(to do 表示将来的动作)
forget doing…―忘记曾做……‖(通常与will, shall, never连用) e.g. Don’t forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。
She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。
I’ll never forget seeing the musical in New York.
【重难点分析】 直接引语和间接引语
(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如:
Tom said to me,―My brother is doing his homework.‖
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如:
She asked Jack, ―Where have you been?‖ →She asked Jack where he had been. He said, ―These books are mine.‖ →He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语
陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,通常由that引导,可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. ―我想要蓝色的。‖ 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。 She said to me, ―You can’t settle anything now.‖她对我说:―此刻你无法解决任何事情。‖ →She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then. 她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种:
(1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时, 由whether或if 引导。
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如:
―Has he ever worked in Shanghai?‖Jim asked. ―他在上海工作过吗?‖吉姆问。 →Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 ―Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问:―你能告诉我去医院的路吗?
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如:
―Which room do you live in?” He asked. ―你住哪个房间?‖他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
―What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问―你怎么看这部电影?‖
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/if …or引导。
如:
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问:―这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?‖
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 ―Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. ―你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的?‖凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语
当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如:
Jack said, ―Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.”杰克说:―玛丽,明天请到我家来。‖ →Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students,―Stop talking.”老师对学生们说:―不要讲话了。‖ →The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。 ―Don’t touch anything.” He said.―不要碰任何东西。‖他说。 →He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下:
直接引语 间接引语 today that day
now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before
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tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go
bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下:
现在时间推移到过去的时间,即一般现在时变为一般过去时; ―I feel better today.‖ He said. ―我今天感觉好多了。‖他说。
→He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了。 现在进行时变为过去进行时;
―Xiao Ming is doing some washing” Mum said. ―小明正在洗衣服。‖妈妈说。 →Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。
Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!
重点短语:
1.If you go to the party ,you will have a good time .(if引导的条件状语从句,时态
是 “主将从现”) 2.go to the party 去参加聚会3.have a great/good time =have fun
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 4.let sb in 让某人进入 5.take away 拿走 6.all the time = always 总是,一直 7.make a living 谋生 8.in order to ?为了? 9.study for ?test 为?考试而学习 10.stay at home 呆在家里 11.Let’s have/make it ?让我们约定在? 12.half the class 一半的学生 13.end-of-year party 年终晚会 14.go to college 上大学 15.travel around the world 环游世界 16.make a lot of money 赚很多钱 17.get an education 受教育 18.in fact 事实上 19.a professional soccer player 一名职业足球运动员 20.play sports for a living 以运动为谋生 21.get injured 受伤 22.be famous for?因?而出名 23.too much+不可数名词/too many+可数名词复数 太多的?24.much too +形/副词 实在太? 25.so much +不可数名词 /so many +可数名词复数 如此多? 26.the past tense of ? ?的过去式
【单元目标】
Ⅱ.Sentence structures:
1. If you do, you’ll? 2. I’m going to ?
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3. You should? 4. Don’t you want to ?? 5. Don’t you think ? ? Ⅲ.语法小结
1. if条件句
2. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
一. if条件句
1. if条件句:条件句用于陈述语气,表示假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是“如果”的意思。
构成 时态 例句 条件从句 If+一般现在时 If he comes, 主句 主语+shall/will+动词原形 he will take us to the zoo. 2. 用法:
(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导,意为“如果、假如”,主句不能用be going
to表示将来,而应该用shall,will。
If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误) If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)
(2)if “如果”,引导条件状语从句,if从句则用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。如:
If it rains tomorrow, I shan’t climb the hills.
If I go to college, I will never become a great soccer player.
注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态需根据语境确定。
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。 二. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
1. 用be doing表示将来:主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位置转移的动词,如:go,come,leave,arrive等, 也可用于其他动作动词,如:
We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。
这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语,如果不带时间状语,则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
A: Where are you going?
B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.
2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近,但是现在进行时更强调事先已安排好,即将去做的事情, 而be going to 一般只表示打算做某事,有做某事的意图。我们来看两个例子:
She is having a meeting at 9 tomorrow. 她明天早晨9点有个会。
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We are leaving for London next week.我们下周出发去伦敦。 这两个句子里就是用现在进行时表示将来已经安排好要做的事情。
IV. 重点难点分析
1. too much 和 much too
too much 后接不可数名词,用来表示数量太多,意思是“??太多了(数量多)”;much too后接形容词,用来说明程度的,意思是“太??(程度深)”如:
much too heavy 太重了 (表程度)
错误:He has drunk much too water.
正确:He has drunk too much water. 他喝了太多的水。(修饰不可数名词,表数量)
2. be famous for 和 be famous as
be famous for 表示“因??而出名”, for后接表示出名的原因;
be famous as 表示“以??身份而著名”,as 后接职业、身份或地位,表示作为??职业、身份或地位是著名的,如:
France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。 France is famous as a romantic country. 法国作为一个浪漫的国家而出名。
3. I want you to remember the rules for school parties.
want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. travel around the world 周游世界
e.g. Her dream is to travel around China. 她的梦想是周游全中国。
5. If we have it today, half the class won’t come.
won’t 是 will not 的缩写
if 从句用一般现在时,表示假设,主语用一般将来时。
6.reasons for becoming a professional athlete 赞同成为一名职业运动员的理由 for prep. (表示赞成、支持),其反义词为against
eg. Are you for his plan or against it? 你是赞成还是反对他的计划? Which team did you vote for? 你投票给哪一个队(组)?
7.reasons against becoming a professional athlete 反对成为一名职业运动员的理由。
against prep. 反对,与?对抗 +名词或动词ing的形式 eg. Are you against my plan?
Our played against No.1 Middle School at basketball yesterday. 8.begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事。
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