in the tree通常表示所提物体不是树上长出来的,而是挂在、落在或是停歇在树上,如:
The birds are singing in the trees. 鸟在树上唱歌。
The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在树上。
on the tree通常表示所提物体是树上长出来的部分,如:
They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他们正忙着摘树上的苹果。 There aren’t many oranges on the tree. 这棵树上桔子不多。 9. the same… as 同……一样的 same
adj. 同一的,相同的,如:
Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。 pron. 同样的事物,如:
I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。
the same…as 同……一样的,表示与as后的事物很相像,但并不是同一个,如: Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。
the same … that = one and the same 同……一样的,表示与as后的事物完全一致,完全一样,如:
He was wearing the same shirt (that) he'd on the day before. 他穿的那件衬衫, 是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。
I went out the same way (that) I'd got in. 我顺着进来的原路出去了。
10. help with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事,如:
He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。 11. bored 和boring.
bored 表示被动的含义,例如: I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。 boring 表示主动的含义,例如:
It is very boring to study English. 学习英语很无聊。 12. surprise 动词―使惊奇‖,如:You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!
(1)surprise 还可以作为名词―惊奇,吃惊‖;―可惊的事情, 意外的事情‖。作为―令人吃惊的事情,意外的事情‖是可数名词,如: What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事!
Don't tell him about the present — it's a surprise. 不要告诉他礼物的事,这是件意想不到的礼物。 (2)surprising 形容词―令人吃惊的‖,表示主动的含义,如: They have heard the surprising news. 他们听到了那惊人的消息。 (3)surprised 形容词―感到惊讶的‖,表示被动的含义,如: I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。 (4)to one's surprise 使某人非常惊奇的是,如:
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To my surprise,I found him sing well. 使我吃惊的是他歌唱得很好。
二. 重点结构
There be 结构变形:在there be结构中还可把be改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变,具体总结如下:
1. There used/seem/happen/appear to be,如:
There might be snow at night. 晚上可能有雪。
There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看来没人愿意帮忙。 There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。 There doesn't seem to be much hope. 好像没有太大的希望。 2. 在there be的be前还可以加上各种情态词,如:
There must be something wrong. 一定有问题。
There ought not to be so many people. 不应该有这么多的人。 There might still be hope. 可能还有点希望。
3. 特殊的表达方式:
(1)There is no sense in doing. 做某事是没有用的,没有意义的 There is no sense in making him angry. 跟他生气是没有用的。 There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有好处的。 (2)There is no need to do. 没有必要做某事 There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。
There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。 (3)There is thought/said/reported to be 人们认为有/据说有/据报道有 There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道,找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。 (4)There is no doing(口语)不可能…….
There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。
八年级下学期期中复习(二)
一.重点词汇
1. different kinds of
意为―不同种类的‖,―各种各样的‖,等于all kinds of,kinds of 后面接可数或不可数名词均可。
kind有两个词性:
1)kind作名词,意为―种类‖。 如:
There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多种动物。 2)kind作形容词,意为―和善的,友好的‖。
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如:
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 2. advice
意为―劝告,意见,忠告‖等,是不可数名词,前不加冠词。 可用―a piece of advice‖,―pieces of advice‖的结构来表示数量。 与advice搭配的动词短语有:
ask sb. for advice 向某人征求意见 follow/take sb's advice 遵从某人的劝告 give sb. some advice 给某人提出建议 如:
The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health. 医生对如何提高我们的身体素质提出了一些建议。
3. 辨析leave和forget
这两个词都有―遗忘,忘记‖的意思,但用法不同,注意区别。 1)leave+sth.+sp. 指―把某物遗忘在某地‖ 如:
I left my notebook in the classroom. 我把笔记本忘在教室里了。 2)forget to do sth.指―忘记去做某事‖ forget doing sth. 指―忘记做过某事‖ 如:
I forget to tell her about it. 我忘了把这件事告诉她。 I forgot telling her about it. 我忘记曾把这件事告诉过她。 4. in hospital
该短语译为―住院‖,hospital前面无冠词,表示抽象概念。 而短语―in the hospital‖则译为―在医院里‖,并非生病住院之意。 在英语中,介词和一些单数名词连用,可以表示抽象概念。 如
at school 上学 go to school 上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 in/ out of jail 坐牢/出狱
5. take a day off
该短语译为―休一天假‖。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或责任的免除,如: You mustn't take a day off just because you want to see a football match. 你不能只是为了想看一场足球赛而休息一天。 I think I will take the afternoon off, because I get sick. 我想我下午要休假,因为我实在是病了。
6. be mad at...―对……非常愤怒,恼火‖,如:
They were mad at missing the train. 没赶上火车,他们气得发疯。 mad还可以和其他的介词搭配构成一些短语。 如:
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be mad about―对……狂热,着迷‖; go mad ―发疯,疯了‖。
7. bring...to... ―把……带到……来‖。其反义词组为―take...to....‖,即―把……带到……去‖,如:
It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨,随身带把伞吧。 Please bring the long ruler here,and take the short one away. 请拿把长尺子到这儿来,把这把短的带走。
Mum,please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class. 妈妈,请把英语书和CD碟带到学校来。我上英语课时要用的。
8. be supposed to 为―认为必须;认为应该;认为……必要‖,如: Am I supposed to clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗?
You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五必须结清这笔账。 9. remind
remind及物动词,意为―提醒,使记起,使想起。‖
remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示―提醒某人做某事情‖ 如:
Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school. 他去上学的时候,记得提醒他关窗户。 10. make money 赚钱,挣钱。 make money=earn money 赚钱
如: He makes money by fishing. 他靠打鱼赚钱。 11. hard与 hardly
hard 为副词,意思是―努力地,费力地,辛苦地‖, 如: He works hard.他努力工作。
hardly否定副词,意思为―几乎不‖,表示否定含义, 如: He works hardly. 他几乎不工作。 12. response
相当于answer,reply,但是比这两个词的用法要正式。
常用于词组response to sb./sth.―回复某人或某事‖,注意to在这里是介词,它后面要跟名词或代词。
如: I've had no response to his letter. 我还没有给他回信。 13. be good at 和 do well in
这两个词组都意为―擅长……、善于……‖;
be good at 侧重于惯常的行为,do well in 侧重于具体的事情,指做某事做得好,但是现在这两个词组用法的区别日益缩小,通常可以互换。
be good at的比较级是be better at,反义词组是be weak in; do well in 的比较级是do better in,反义词组是do badly in。 如: I am good at English composition. You must do well in this test.
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二. 重点结构
1. It seems that…是一个固定句型,―看来,似乎是,好像‖的意思。相当于―主语+ seem+ to do‖, 如果动词不定式为to be + 形容词时,to be往往省略。 It seems that she is very sad. 她似乎很难过。
= She seems (to be) very sad.
It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。 = He seems to like his new job.
It seems that与人称代词连用,意为:―感到好像,觉得似乎‖, It seems to me that it will snow. 我看要下雪。
2. What's wrong (with sb./ sth.)?
What's wrong? 的意思是―怎么啦?‖,用于询问发生了一件什么事情,也可以在what's wrong的后面接一介词短语,询问某人或某物出了什么问题。 — What's wrong? 怎么回事? — I don't know. 我不知道。
— What's wrong with your bike, Jake? 你的自行车怎么啦,Jake? — It is broken. 我的车坏了。
There is something wrong with his leg. 他的腿出了毛病。 类似的表达方法还有: What’s the matter (with sb./ sth.)? What’s the trouble (with sb./ sth.)?
What’s up?
3. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.,做某事对某人来说……,在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式,也就是to do sth.是真正的主语,而it只是形式主语,如果不强调对某人的影响,可以省略for sb.
It’s very good for you to read more English books. 多读些英语书对你来说是很有益处的。 It is quiet surprising to hear the news. 听到这个消息确实很震惊。 4. If +一般现在时句子,主语+一般将来时。
是if引导的条件状语从句。这里最关键的是要注意从句与主句的时态。 If he is ill,he won’t go to school. 如果他生病了,就不会上学了。
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1.现在完成进行时态结构:sb have/has been +ving 2.for+时间段 已?了3.since +时间点/从句(一般过去时)自从?起 4.How long ?多久 (对for/since提问) 5.a pair of ?一双、一条、一副?(eg: a pair of glasses/skates/shoes/pants ) 6.raise?for 为?筹集..(raise money for charity 为慈善机构募捐)7.the first ?to do sth 做某事的第一个人 (eg She is the first student to get to school .)8.the whole five hours =all the five hours 整整五个小时 9.three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半 10.Sb.run out of sth.某人用完了某物 11.thanks for sth /doing sth 谢谢
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