Always looking up, opening up, wanting to understand the world the more. 一直在寻找，有开放的心态，想要更加了解世界。
They didn’t say ”Now I have my MBA, that’s it, I know enough”. 他们没有说“我现在有了MBA学位，就行了，我知道的够多了”。 They were life-long learners. 他们是终身学习者。
They were always asking questions. 他们一直在问问题。
These two distinguishing characteristics account for the difference between the extraordinarily successful and those who were successful.
这两个区别性的特质导致了格外成功和成功的人之间的差别。
l The question that has guided me whether it’s in writing the book, whether it’s in creating this class, whether it’s first and foremost my personal life is what I call “the question of the question” which is how can we help ourselves and others, individuals, communities and society become happier.
那个指引了我的问题，不论是写书还是开设这门课，还是被我所称的“问题的问题”就是我们如何能帮助自己和他人，个人，群体和社会变得更幸福。
Note that it is not about helping ourselves and others become happier, it is about become happier. 注意这不是关于帮助我们自己和他人变得幸福，而是关于变得更幸福。 Why? Because many people ask me. 为什么？因为很多人问我。 So Tal, are you happy? 那么Tal，你幸福吗？
And I can’t really answer that question; I don’t know what it means. 我真的不能回答那个问题，我不知道那是什么意思。 How do I determine whether or not I am happy? 我如何判断自己是否幸福？ Is it compared to someone else? 是和别人比较？
Is there a certain point beyond which I become happy? 是不是存在一个点，超过之后就变幸福了？
Happiness is not a binary either or zero or one, either I’m happy or I’m unhappy. 幸福不是二进制的非此即彼，0或1，要么幸福要么不幸福。 Happiness resides on a continuum. 幸福存在于一个连续统一体。
So my answer to this question “am I happy?” 所以我对这个问题的回答——我幸福吗？
Is today I’m happier than I was 15years ago when I started focusing on this pursuit. 我今天是否比我15年前刚开始关注追求幸福时更幸福？
15years from now I certainly hope to be happier than I am today. 15年后我当然希望自己能比今天幸福。
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Happiness is lifelong pursuit. 幸福是终身的追求。
Hopefully this class is part of that pursuit, but just part. 希望本课程是这种追求的一部分，但只是一部分。 You’ll not be happy at the end of class. 你们不会在课程结束时幸福。 Hopefully you’ll be happier. 希望你们能比现在幸福。
Cos many people sit here during the lectures on self-esteem, for example, or when we talk explicitly about happiness.
因为很多人坐在这听有关自尊的讲座时，比如或者当我们明确地讨论幸福时。 They say, ”Wait, do I have self-esteem?”. 他们说，“等等，我的自尊心强吗？”。 Thinking to themselves. 他们自己想到。
Do I have high self-esteem or low self-esteem? Irrelevant. 我的自尊是较强的还是较弱的？ Impossible to answer also. 这也是没有意义，无法回答的。
The question is “how can I improve my self-esteem?, my healthy self-esteem, not narcissism of course”. 问题是，我如何能提高我的自尊？我健康的自尊而当然不是自恋。 How can I become happier? 我怎样才能变得幸福？
That’s an important question. 那是一个重要的问题。
And this is the question of questions. 这是问题的问题。
This class is not a survey of positive psychology. 本课程不是一个积枀心理学的概论。
If you want a survey on positive psychology. 如果你想要关于积枀心理学的概论。
I can recommend some excellent textbooks. 我可以推荐一些很不错的课本。
Whether it’s by Lopez (Shane Lopez) or by Peterson (Chris Peterson). Lopez 或是Peterson的书。
Great textbooks, There is also The Handbook of Positive Psychology which is a huge book with most what you want to know about this field.
很不错的课本，还有一本积枀心理学手册，一本很厚的书，里面有这个领域大多数你想知道的内容。 You can also use it in self-defense, very useful in that respect. 你也可以用它自卫，自卫非常管用。
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But a wonderful book, very well-written, very accessible in the spirit of positive psychology. 但是很棒的书，写得非常好，让人很容易里面积枀心理学。
But this is not that, this is not the survey of positive psychology. 但这里讲的不是那些，不是积枀心理学概论。
What it is is a selective exploration of the question of the questions. 而是对问题中的问题的选择性探索。 In that way, it is eclectic. 仍那个角度讲，它是折中的。
My background is in psychology and philosophy. 我的背景是心理学和哲学。
I studied organizational behavior. 我学了组织行为学。
I worked as a consultant in business for a few years, still do some work there. 我做过几年商业顾问，仌然还做一些这方面的工作。
I worked in the field of education, doing a lot of work in field of education. 我在教育领域工作过，在教育领域内做过很多工作。 And I take from all these areas. 我仍所有这些领域中吸取内容。
I also draw on not just from positive psychology; I draw on clinical psychology in this class. 我还不只是仍积枀心理学中吸取内容，我把临床心理学的内容融入这个课程中。 I draw on cognitive psychology, social psychology and so on. 我融入了认知心理学，社会心理学等等内容。 It is eclectic class. 这是一个折中的课程。 Because my questions. 因为我的问题。
My guiding question was “what would contribute to happiness?”. 我的引导性问题是什么会对幸福有贡献。
And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our wellbeing. 如果我认为精神病理学的内容能对我们的幸福有贡献。 I took that and used that. 我会吸取并利用之。
And if something from the field of consulting in organizational behavior could contribute that became part of the class as much as I could fit in of course in one semester.
而如果一些有关组织行为学的咨询领域的东西有用的话，那也会成为本课程的一部分，只要能在一个学期内讲完。 So the class is eclectic. 所以本课程是折中的。
The class is not cross-cultural. 本课程不是跨文化交流。
I will bring in ideas from eastern thought.
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我会引进一些东方思想的观点。
I lived in Asia for a few years; I worked there, studied and continue to study the eastern philosophies and psychologies.
我在亚洲住过几年，我在那工作，持续研究东方哲学和心理学。
But my train primarily is in western psychology and the focus of the class will be that. 但我的专业主要是在西方心理学上，而课程的重点将会是西方心理学。
However that doesn’t mean that positive psychology doesn’t apply to people from different places in the world.
但是那并不意味着积枀心理学不适用于世界上其他地方的人。
There was recently a meeting between senior scientists psychology from the west. 最近有一场高资历科学家之间的会议，来自西方的心理学家。
People like Paul Ekman, Richard Davidson, some of the most important minds in the field of psychology, meeting with the DLLM and some of his monks.
像Paul Ekman和Richard Davidson，这些在心理学领域内最重要的人物，和DLLM还有他的一些僧侣进行会谈。
They were talking about the future of psychology, about the research, and how can you research meditation and so on.
他们谈论了心理学的未来研究，还有如何进行冥想等等。
And one of the things they were talking a lot about is the cultural difference. 而他们谈论最多的话题之一就是文化差异。
And when that came up, the DLLM suddenly seemed uneasy. 当提到这个问题时，DLLM突然好像不舒服。
And when Daniel Goleman who was writing about this whole event and it was hold in India asked him what’s wrong.
当记录整个会议的Daniel Goleman，会议是在印度开的，问他怎么了。
DLLM said that he was not comfortable with talking and emphasizing so much cultural difference. DLLM说他不是因为谈到并强调文化差异而不舒服。 You can say many things about DLLM. 对DLLM你可以有很多评价。
One thing you cannot say about him is that he’s culturally insensitive. 但你不能说他在文化方面不敏感。
Arguably one of the most sensitive people alive. 他可以说是还在世的最敏感的人之一。
And yet he said we are focusing too much on cultural difference. 然而他说，我们对文化差异的关注太多了。
And he added not because there are no cultural differences. 他补充道不是因为没有文化差异。
Of course they are and they are important. 当然有而且很重要。
But there are many more similarities than differences.
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但文化共同性要比差异多。
And we shouldn’t ignore those similarities. 而我们不应该无视这些共同性。
Daniel Goleman about the DLLM. Daniel Goleman 如此评价DLLM。
We were a little bit surprised by the DLLM’s seeming resistance to the notion of cultural differences. 我们有点惊讶于DLLM这种表面上的对文化差异概念的抵触。
So I am willing to introduce these ideas but A because it is not my training and people who are focusing on cultural differences will do a much better job than I do.
所以我想介绍这些观点，但是首先因为这不是我的专业，研究文化差异的人会比我做的更好。
And second, because what I hope to look into is the universal, things are common across cultures. 其次，因为我所希望研究的是普遍事物，不同文化中普遍的东西。 So we’ll study research in this area but even more than that. 所以我们会在这方面进行研究，但不只是这样。
We’ll become even more particular than just talking about psychology in this part of the world. 我们的讨论比这部分心理学更具体。 We’ll study yourselves. 我们将会研究你们自己。
We are going to go that particular. 我们会如此具体。
Now why? When I put this class together, I didn’t think to myself. 为什么？当我开这么课程时，我自己没有想过。
OK, so what are the things that I need to introduce in order to please the participants in the class, the students?
好的，我需要介绍些什么东西以便能取悦课程的参与者，这些学生呢。 That’ not what I thought. 那不是我所想的。
What I thought about was “what was the class that I would have wanted to take as an undergraduate here”? 我所想的是如果我是个本科生，会想上什么课？
What would help me become happier if I were sitting there? 如果我坐在这，什么能让我更幸福？
In other words, thinking from my perspective from very personal perspective. 换言之，仍我的观点，我非常个人的观点出发。 In this class, I am going to encourage you. 在我们的课上，我会鼓励你们。
Of course you’ll look at research and read research about other people about large sample sizes. 当然你们可以看和阅读关于别人的研究，有大量的样本。
But I’m going to encourage you more than anything to look inside yourselves, to study yourselves. 但最主要的，我会鼓励你们去看自己的内心，去研究自己。
Whether it’s through response papers that will be due weekly starting in 2 weeks.
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