2.decision. The parliament process is essentially a system 3.of delay and deliberation. So, for this matter, is the 4.creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a 5.building like Blenheim Palace, for which took the Duke 6.of Marlborough?s architects and labors 15 years to 7.construct up. In the process, the design can mellow and 8.marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of an 9.elegance. As T. H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time “is not meant to be devoured in an hour or 10.a day, but be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.” 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. The truth of what she said seemed less important than the glee with which she said it, her pride in the snake pit she?d come from.
Gleefully she said it with her pride in the snake pit she?d come from, _____________ 2. Paring away its less flattering modern connotations, we discover a kind of synonym for connection, for community, and this, it seems to me, is the primary function of gossip. With its less flattering modern connotations pared away, gossip, in my view, _______ 3. Except in the case of those rare toddler-fabulists, enchanting parents and siblings with fairy tales made up on the spot, gossip may be the way that most of us learn to tell stories.
Gossip may not be like learning to tell stories by most of us, _____________________ 4. Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity are as essential for the reportage of neighborhood news as they are for well-made fiction.
Pacing, tone, clarity and authenticity may apply to _____________________________ 5. And while there are those who believe that the sole aim of gossip is to criticize, to condemn, I prefer to see gossip as a tool of understanding.
And yet for some people?s belief ___________________________________________ TEXT I
Unit Three
WALLS AND BARRIERS
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
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1. My father?s negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.
The architecture itself didn?t cause so much of _______________ 2. It is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls,
We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, ____________ 3. If a building?s design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.
A building?s apparently impregnable design made ____________ 4. It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals that the architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics.
Understanding architecture as a medium ____________________ 5. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls.
It was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the period _______________
III. Translate the following into English
1. 我们并不寻求与世隔绝；事实上，只要我们觉得自己孤单，就会轻轻敲一下开关，通过电视屏幕将整个世界带到眼前。所以难怪，厚实的围墙现已过时，而我们建起了用金属箔和玻璃做材料的薄膜幕墙。
2. 在原始社会，人类把世界描绘成巨大而可怕，充满仇恨而且不为人类所驾驭的地方。因此他们用巨石建起坚厚的墙，生活在墙后局限的空间里，他们会觉得自如与安全。这些厚墙表达人们对外界的恐惧和对于寻求保护的迫切感，尽管这些墙起不了实际的保护作用。也许有人会争辩道，那是因为当时的技术不发达，所以人们无法建造更为精巧的墙。这话当然没错，但是促使人们建造围墙的首先并非技术问题，而是人类对于世界的恐惧心理，恐惧心理越强烈，墙就建得越厚实，直到古代君王的墓里我们发现基本是由墙式的结构所组成，因为对于死亡的恐惧是人们最强烈的恐惧。
3. 新的建筑批评理论把建筑学视作表达人的态度、偏见、禁忌和理想的媒介。正是在这一点上，他与古典美学分道扬镳。后者纯粹以比例、结构等作为审美的依据，在社会学与心理学交织的时代，围墙不仅仅是围墙，而且还是人们心中隔阂的具体象征。 4. 如今墙的主要功能在于把外界令人不舒服的空气尽可能的隔绝出去，使我们能尽享自己创造的受控的温度与湿度环境。玻璃可以圆满地担负此任，不过还有许多人们似乎仍然对于在众目睽睽之下就餐、就寝和更衣有所顾虑，它们需要至少能为他们提供足够安全和隐私感的墙。
5. 总而言之，决定我们如何建造围墙的因素并非是我们的先进技术，而是我们对于世界不断改变的看法。玻璃墙表达了人类能够并且确实驾驭自然和社会的坚定信念。开放式的设计和一览无遗的景色恰切的表达了人类通过不断的科学努力最终解决一切难
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题的信心。
6. 今天，我们对于隐私的看法已经截然不同了。其中一个原因是，我们不再依赖物质的屏障来控制人与人之间的敌对局面，我们除了依靠摩托化的警力之外，主要还是依靠法律和社会惯例来使人们达成共识，化解分歧。我们并不像我们的祖先那样看重隐私。我们很乐意看到自己的女人抛头露面，被人仰慕。
IV. Cloze
It is in the understanding of architecture as a (1)m for the expression of (2)h____ attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals (3)t the new architectural criticism (4)d______ from classical aesthetics. The latter relied (5)u pure proportion, composition, etc., as bases (6)f artistic judgment. (7)I the age of sociology (8)a psychology, (9)w______ are not simply walls but physical (10)s of the barriers in men?s minds.
We feel different today. For one thing, we (11)p_____ greater reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so (12)m_____ by physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social (13)p_____ --- as well as the availability of motorized police. We do not cherish privacy as (14)m_____ as did our ancestors. We are (15)p_____ to have our women seen and (16)a_____, and the same goes for our homes. We do not seek solitude; in (17)f_____, if we find ourselves alone for once, we (18)f_____ a switch and invite the whole world in (19)t_____ the television screen. Small wonder, then, that the (20)h_____ surrounding wall is obsolete, and we build, instead, membranes of this sheet metal or glass.
The principal function of today?s wall is to (21)s possibly undesirable outside air from the controlled (22)c of temperature and humidity (23)w we have created (24)i . Glass may accomplish this (25)f , though there are apparently a good many (26)p who still have qualms (27)a eating, sleeping, and dressing (28)u_______ conditions of high visibility; they (29)d walls that will at (30)l give them a sense of adequate screening.
To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, (31)b our changing conceptions of ourselves in (32)r to the world (33)t determine how we shall build our (34)w . The glass wall expresses man?s conviction that he can and does (35)m_______ nature and society. The “open plan” and the unobstructed view are consistent (36)w his faith in the eventual solution of all (37)p through the expanding efforts of science. This is perhaps (38)w it is the most “advanced” and “forward-looking” among us (39)w live and work in glass houses. (40)E the fear of the cast stone has been analyzed out of us.
V. Proofreading: In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. (1)Therefore they built heavy walls of huge boulder, behind 1. (2)which they could feel themselves to be in a delimited room 2. (3)that was controllable and safe, these heavy walls 3. (4)expressed man?s fear of the outer space and his need to find 4. (5)protection, wherever illusory. It might be argued that the 5. (6)undeveloped technology of the period precluded the 6. 7
(7)construction of the more delicate walls. This is of course 7. (8)true. Yet, it was not technology, but a fearful attitude 8. (9)toward the world, which made people want to build walls in 9. the first place. The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of ancient kings we find structures that are (10)practically all wall; the fear of dissolution being the 10. ultimate fear. Text II
Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. Regardless of status, it is nearly always the new arrival who makes the body-cross
movement, because it is he who is invading the home territory of the greeters.
As the invader of the home territory the greeters, the new arrival, ___________ 2. Only if they are extremely subordinate to the new arrival, and perhaps in serious trouble
with him, will there be a likelihood of them taking the “body-cross role”.
Except in the case of an extremely subordinating relation to the new arrival, or perhaps of a serious trouble with him,___________________________ 3. If a social situation is in any way threatening, then there is an immediate urge to set up
such a barricade.
Being in any threatening social situation, people will___________________ 4. If the insensitive intruder continues to approach despite these obvious signals of fear, then
there is nothing for the tiny child but to scream or flee.
Faced with the insensitive intruder who continues to approach despite these obvious signals of fear, the tiny child__________________ 5. In teenage girls this pattern may still be detected in the giggling cover-up of the face, with
hands or papers, when acutely or jokingly embarrassed.
When teenage girls, in acute or joking embarrassment, cover up their faces with hands or papers,___________________________
TEXT I
Unit Four
THE LADY, OR THE TIGER?
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
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1. The king?s ideas, though somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of
distant Latin neighbors, were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric.
The half of the king was barbaric, as his ideas, though _________ 2. He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his
will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.
He was such a man not only of exuberant fancy, but also of an authority, ___________ 3. Among the borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified was that of the
public arena, in which, by exhibition of manly and beastly valor, the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured.
Thinking of such a thing like the public arena as one of his borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified, the king intended to______________________ 4. The man was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial
and incorruptible chance.
The man was not guided or influenced by ________________ 5. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise
have attained.
The occasion was made more interesting just ________________
III. Translate the following into English
1. 国王这种主持正义的方式很受欢迎。当人们在大审判的日子聚集在一起的时候，他们从来无法知道将要目睹的会是一场血腥大屠杀，还是一个欢乐的婚礼。这种莫测的因素使人们对审判颇有兴致。这种兴致是在其他场合无处可觅的。因此，广大老百姓得以娱乐，得以满足，而那些有独到见解的人也无法指责这个裁决方式不公平，因为被告不是把其命运掌握在自己的手上吗？
2．当某个臣民被控之罪足以引起国王的兴趣时，就会发出公告，写明该被告将于某个指定的日子在国王的竞技场内被决定其命运——这个“国王的竞技场”的确名不虚传，因为，尽管其形式和设计均出自远方，其用途则完全出自他这个人的头脑，因为他，一个至高无上的国王，从来无视传统，只顾满足于实现自己那古怪离奇的思想，并且把他那不断膨胀的野性的理想主义移植到其所采用的所有的思维和行动方式上。 3．很久很久以前，有一位半开化的国王。他的怪异思想虽然因为受到遥远的拉丁民族的进步文明的影响而多少有所改进，但依然是根深蒂固，野性十足，不受约束，于是成为他身上那一半野蛮性格的不可分割的组成部分。他这个人满脑子古怪念头，而且非常专横，他随心所欲地把自己各种古怪念头变为现实。
4．但是，即使在这里，国王的那丰富的野性的想象力依然生机勃勃地得到体现。 他建造这个竞技场的意图，并非是让人们有机会听到垂死的格斗士们那悲哀的惨叫声，也并非是让他们目睹宗教观念与饿兽之间冲突的必然结局，而是要实现远为崇高的理想：即增强与发展人民的精神力量。这个巨大的圆形竞技场，四周有环绕的看台，其中还有神秘的暗室与暗道，是主持正义的完美场所，在这里罪恶受到惩罚，美德受到褒扬，国王为此而颁布的法令给人以公正而严明的机会。
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