Because of clutter, the reader_____________________ 5. It is typical of the words that can be eliminated nine times out of ten.
This word is the____________________________ TEXT I
Unit Fourteen
THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR: --- NATURE
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. Nature seems to have gone all out in creating preposterous gadgets for self-defense.
It seems to have taken all nature?s efforts to _________________ 2. Just as nature adds things on creatures that need them, so she occasionally takes things away from those that don?t.
Nature occasionally takes things away from_____________ 3. Later I walked home, pondering the bizarre methods for survival with which evolution has endowed earth?s creatures.
The fact that earth?s creatures have been endowed ____________ 4. Its success as a hunter had been based entirely on a capacity to outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack.
It is successful as a hunter because ________________ 5. Nothing has so contributed to hunting-dog horror as the long-drawn manner of its prey?s death.
The most horrible thing about the hunting-dog_______________
III. Translate the following into English IV. Cloze
1.A bird that eats feathers, a mammal that never drinks, a fish that grows a fishing line and worm on its head to catch other fish. Creatures in a nightmare? No, they are very much (1) w____ us as co-inhabitants of this earth.
Nature has fashioned most (2) a____ to fit the many faces of the land —- moose to marshes, squirrels to trees, camels to deserts, frogs to lily pads. (3) G____ nature an environment or situation, she will evolve a creature, (4) a_______ a toe here, an eye there, (5) u____ the being fits the niche. As a result of this hammering and fitting, however, some really unbelievable (6) c____ circle the sun with us.
One summer in Maine I (7) s____ a sleek mother horned grebe herding her three bobbing young to supper among the green pickerelweed. Suddenly I noticed (8) t____ my binoculars
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that she was feeding her babies quantities of feathers from a deserted duck?s nest. As she (9) s____ the dry feathers into the gaping mouths, she made two or three pokes to get each one down. (10) F____ she worked a dozen or so down her own throat; then, sailing low on the water, she vanished contentedly among the plants
V. Proofreading: Australia has many strange beasts, one of the oddest 1.of which is the koala. Perfectly adapting to one specific 1. 2.tree, the eucalyptus, this living teddy bear does not need 2. 3.something else, not even a drink! The moisture in the 3. 4.leaves is just right for the koala, and making it the only 4. 5.land animal that doesn?t need water to supplement its 5. food. 6. The creature with the fishing line on its head was 6. 7.created for the dark canyon of the sea. For here food is 7. 8.so scarce that the deep-sea fish, which preys smaller 8. 9.fish, grew a line, and an appendage on the end so that 9. 10.wiggles like a worm. It catches the attention of the 10. occasional passerby. A fish approaches the bait, and the toothy ang1er swirls up and swallows him. 1.Probably the most dumbfounding nature?s extraordinary 1. 2.creations are the horned toad of our Southwest. A 2. 3.herpetologist once invited me to observe one of these 3. 4.lizards right after it molted. In a sand-filled glass cage I 4. 5.saw a 1arge male. Beside him laid his old skin. The 5. 6.herpetologist began to annoy the beast with mock attacks, 6. 7. the old man of the desert with his vulnerable new suit 7. 8.became frightened. Suddenly his eyeballs were reddened. 8. 9.A final fast lunge from my friend to the beast and I froze 9. 10.in astonishment --- a fine spray of blood shot from the 10. lizard?s eye, like fire from a dragon! The beast had struck back with a weapon so shocking that it terrifies even the fiercest enemy. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. The African hunting dog?s success as a hunter had been based entirely on a capacity to
outrun any animal in Africa, together with the superb coordination of its hunting pack.. Without
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2. At that time a study of one pack, over a period of a few months, was all that science had
yet collected in the way of reliable observation.
At that time science 3. Now, I wish simply to describe one hunt in terms of adult-young relations of almost
shocking amiability.
The almost shockingly 4. One of the most memorable sights in nature is that of a pack strung out in single file
almost a quarter of a mile long, headed into the late, gray light with white-tipped tails upraised like beacons to make following easier.
There was a pack 5. Since game flee an area in which a pack is running, a common tactic is to approach a rise
at high speed on the chance of surprising prey on the far side.
Hunters usually TEXT I
Unit Fifteen
TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. Hope was all we could offer from our vantage point in Ketvchum Hall, the impulse to rush out and catch him being checked by the realization of futility.
Hope was all we could offer from our vantage point in Ketvchum Hall because we realized that it is ______________________
2. The incident reinforced my sense that mountaineering serves as an apt analogy for the art of teaching.
A. Thanks to this incident, B. There is some likeness___________ 3. Colleagues of the connoisseur measure his success by the paucity of devotees allowed in to the society through this winnowing process.
The fewer the devotees allowed in to the society through this process, the more ______ 4. The very precariousness of the situation necessitates keen focus and apt attention; slackness, misjudgment, or laziness can bring doom.
In the precarious situation, instead of slackness, misjudgment, or laziness which can bring doom,______________________ 37
5.To encourage and further such mountain-top experiences the society must recognize teaching for the sublime art it is---a guided expedition into the most exciting and least understood terrain on earth—the mind itself.
Teaching is a sublime art of guided expedition into the most exciting and least understood terrain on earth—the mind itself, which must be____________________
III. Translate the following into English
1． 为了鼓励并进一步推动人们作这种攀登顶峰式的实践，社会必须承认教学是一门绝妙艺术，它不仅是研究领域的分支，不仅是面对消极被动的观众的表演，而是由向导引路的远征，其目的地就是世上最令人兴奋却又最令人感到陌生的领域——人的思维本身。
2． 如果把教学比作登山运动，就要摈弃那些年复一年长期使用的已经泛黄的讲稿。事实上，这样的比喻丝毫不鼓励长篇大论的说教。如果作为登山者的学生要接受挑战的话，他必须每堂课到场，随时准备参与攀登下一个高峰，准备让自己的能力接受其任课老师的能力的检验。只有经过不懈的努力奋斗，学生才能精通老师的技艺。只有这时，学生才能担当起向导的角色——具有训练有素的登山技术，能够承受一定的风险，乐于带领别人体验登上顶峰的乐趣。他既不是小贩，也不是演员，更不是恳求者，而是一个在探险的征途上乐于与别人分享责任，信心满怀，体力充沛的向导。
3． 作为登山探险者，教师需要学会联系。E.M.福斯特曾经强调过这一点。导游用绳索把登山者彼此联系起来，以便他们在上山的过程中能够互相帮助。一个好的老师也会利用学生的口头和书面作业作为教材。教师还采用其他的各种联系手段，比如把课文与其发生的历史背景联系起来，建立学科之间和学科内部符合逻辑的联系，尽可能地使教材与学生的现实生活联系起来，并且与课堂之外的更为广泛有关国民生活联系起来。
4． 登山运动是最贴切的比喻。瑞士的登山向导，就像一个真正的老师，对自己充满信心。他或她让别人对其产生信赖和信心，从而乐意与其同心合力。登山者承认自己的领导角色，但他更承认这段（由攀爬的高度所决定的）旅程的成功取决于登山队每个成员的紧密合作和积极参与。他曾经路过这个地带，非常熟悉那些路标，但是每一次旅程都是崭新的，有其独特的焦虑和兴奋感。若想旅程顺利，需要掌握必要的技能，缺少这些技能，灾难就可能赫然出现。正是由于情况变化无常使精神高度集中和全神贯注成为必要；马虎懒散，判断错误，或者不思进取都会导致失败的结局。
IV. Cloze
The teacher as mountaineer learns, as E. M. Forster urged, to connect. The guide rope links mountaineers (1)t so that they may assist each (2)o in the ascent. The effective teacher (3)d something similar (4)b using the oral and written contributions of the (5)s as instructional materials. The teacher also (6)m other connections, locating the text in (7)i historical setting, forging inter-and intra-disciplinary links (8)w plausible, joining the material of the course (9)w ____ the lives of the students, where possible, and with the wider national life (10)b the classroom where pertinent.
V. Proofreading:
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Teaching as mountaineering does not encourage the yellowed lecture note syndrome. Indeed, the analogy does (1)not really encourage lectures at all. If the student as 1. mountaineer is to be challenged, the student must come to (2)each class session ready and prepared to assist in 2. (3)scaling the next peak, ready to challenge his or her own 3. (4)abilities with those of the master teacher. Only by 4. (5)arduous and sustained effort the student approach 5. (6)the mastery of the teacher, and only then the student 6. (7)ready to assume the role of guide --- well trained with 7. the art of mountaineering, able to take controlled risks, (8)ready to lead the others to a mountain-top experience. 8. He is not a huckster, not a performer, not a pleader, but (9)also a confident, exuberant guide on expeditions of 9. (10)sharing responsibility. 10. Mountaineering furnishes the needed analogy. The 1.Swiss mountain guide, like the true teacher, has quiet 1. 2.authority about his very person. He or she engenders such 2. 3.trust and confidence so that one is readily willing to join the 3. 4.endeavor. The mountaineer accepts his leadership role, yet 4. 5.recognizes the success of the journey depends upon close 5. 6.cooperation and active participation by each number of the 6. 7.group. He has crossed the terrain before and is familiar to 7. 8.the landmarks, however each trip is new, and generates its 8. 9.own anxiety and excitement. Essential skills must be 9. 10.mastered as if the trip is to be successful; lacking them, 10. disaster looms as an ominous possibility. The very precariousness of the situation necessitates keen focus and rapt attention; slackness, misjudgment, or laziness can bring doom. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. Education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways.
By the name of “laws of Nature” which is what should be instructed in education by the intellect, I____________________ 2. If to this solitary man entered a second Adam, or better still, an Eve, a new and greater world, that of social and moral phenomena, would be revealed.
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The entering of a second Adam, or better still, an Eve, to this solitary man would ___ 3. Joys and woes, compared with which all others might seem but faint shadows, would spring from the new relations.
There would be no more faint shadows, but _______________ 4. Nor should I speak of this process of education as past for any one, be he as old as he may.
If he should be as old as he may, I ________________ 5. The object of what we commonly call education—that education in which man intervenes and which I shall distinguish as artificial education—is to make good these defects in Nature?s methods.
Artificial education in which man intervenes takes it as its aim _____________
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