III. Translate the following into English
1. 轰轰烈烈的生活只会使人不堪重负，而并不能刺激人的创造性思维。通常只有那些平庸的诗人、作家才去搜寻一些激发灵感的事件来释放其创作能量。
2. 那些觉得乏味的工作难以忍受的人往往是那些不懂得充分利用闲暇的人。儿童和成人都能够从枯燥的日常生活中得到灵感，但是青少年却需要依靠刺激和新鲜来驱赶烦闷与无聊，因为他不但失去了童年的天生好奇心，而且还未具备成年人内在的应变能力。 3. 也许，装配线上的单调工作会使人能力丧失，心灵空虚，而唯一能够弥补损失的办法就是缩短工时和提高工资。但是在我50年的工人生涯中，我却发现枯燥无味的日常工作与活跃的思维毫不冲突。我从中依然能够享受到乐趣。而这种乐趣正是我以前在平淡的生活中所得到过的。那时我在水边一边重复地干着乏味的工作，一边与工作的伙伴交谈，脑海里同时酝酿着词句。那时的生活显得精彩无比。然而如果我当时的工作是非常迷人有趣的话，可能我就无法在上班时间，甚至在下班后的业余时间里继续思考和创造了。
4. 人类的创造能力突出地表现在将琐碎的突发奇想转变为轰轰烈烈的大事。人类伟大之处在于其处理不足为道的打击和欣喜的能力，在于其忍受常见的躯体折磨和情感困扰的能力。对于富有创造力的人而言，所有的经历都具有启发性——所有的事件都能够激发新的思想，加深对生活的理解——他那非凡人性的体现，就在于他能够把平凡的琐事变成令人瞩目的非凡成果。 5. 人们似乎普遍认为，杰出的人不能忍受单调刻板的生活，因为他们需要一种变化多样，新奇刺激的生活来使其聪明才智得到充分的发挥。人们还认为愚笨的人特别适合于枯燥的工作。据说，现代年轻人强烈反对从事工厂里乏味的工作的理由是，他们比以前的年轻人更聪明，受教育的程度更高。
IV. Cloze
There seems to be a general (1)a that brilliant people cannot stand (2)r ; that they need a varied, exciting life in (3)o to do their best. It is also (4)a that dull people are particularly suited (5)f dull work. We are (6)t that the reason the present-day (7)y protest so loudly (8)a the dullness of factory jobs is that they are (9)b educated and brighter than the young of the (10)p .
The outstanding characteristic of man?s creativeness is the (11)a to transmute trivial impulses (12)i momentous consequences. The greatness of (13)m is in what he can do with (14)p grievances and joys, and (15)w common physiological pressures and hungers. To a creative (16)i all experience is seminal --- all events are equidistant (17)f new ideas and insights --- and his inordinate humanness (18)s itself in the ability to (19)m the trivial and common reach an enormous (20)w .
V. Proofreading: It may be true that work on the assembly line dulls the faculties and empties the mind, the cure only being fewer hours of work at higher pay. But during fifty years as a 1.workingman, I have found dull routine compatible to an 1. 2.active mind. I can still savor the joy I am used to derive from 2. 3.the fact that while doing dull, repetitive work on the 3. 15
4.waterfront, I could talk with my partners and composing 5.sentences: in the back of my mind, all at the same time. Life 6.seemed glorious. Chances are that had my works been of 7.absorbing interest I could not have done thinking and 8.composing on the company?s time or even on my time after 9.returning from work. People who find out dull jobs unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to 10.do themselves when at leisure. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. Fortunate the man or woman who achieves a just balance between these three types of
activity.
If the man or woman achieves___________________________ 2. To season chores with work, and to intersperse them with a few happenings, is the secret
of a contented existence.
We will live happy if we________________________________ 3. I must confess that with their repetition, and perhaps because of their very insignificance,
chores can in the end evoke a mild sort of satisfaction.
Just because chores have to be done repeatedly, and perhaps are insignificant, they___ 4. The nature of a chore is that it is neither pleasant nor unpleasant in itself; it is entirely
neutral—but it is obligatory.
A chore in nature is_______________________________ 5. A happening came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from vaporous
imaginings or sudden impulse.
In no ways_____________________________________ TEXT I
Unit Seven
BEAUTY
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person?s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind.
In spite of the Greeks? ____________________________ 16
2. It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place it had in classical ideals of human excellence.
Under the influence of Christianity, beauty _________________ 3. By limiting excellence to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment.
The notion of beauty was deviated—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment, when Christianity_____________________ 4. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally. It is more reliable for beauty to be _________________ 5. Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.
A. Assuming that _____________________________ B. With these stereotypes in mind, one has, no wonder, attributed_
III. Translate the following into English
1. 在评价一个人的时候，把其外表与内涵割裂开来的做法是弊病多端的。对于这一点，受到传统偏见歧视的女性们所经历的漫长的即可笑又可悲的历史是最重要的见证。人们往往先把女人描绘成容貌的细心保养者，然后又把她们贬低为浅薄无知。这可是个赤裸裸的陷阱，一个历史悠久的陷阱。要走出这个陷阱，女人们可得与那被其视为完美与特权的美貌保持一定必要的距离，要远得足以看清，在多大程度上，美被抽掉了内涵，来支撑 “女性美”的神话。我们应该采取措施，使美貌不会成为女性独一无二的特征。这样，女性才能获得真正的美，实现自身的解放。
2. 精心打扮对于女性来说，绝不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且还是一种义务，是她的工作。如果一位女性从事真正的社会工作，即使她已经在政治、法律、医药、商业或其他方面通过努力奋斗登上了领导岗位，她仍然不得不承认自己依然为了保持女性的魅力而努力。然而，只要她为了保持女性的魅力而努力，她就使自己办事客观，职业能力强，权威性高，深谋远虑的能力大打折扣。无论是打扮还是不打扮自己，女人都要受到咒骂，真是左右为难。
3. 对于古希腊人来说，美是一种美德：一种完美的品质。那时候的人被认为是我们现在又羡慕又妒忌地称为 “完人”的人。如果古希腊人真要区分人的内在美和外在美的话，他们仍然认为内在美将会为另一方面的美所匹配。追随苏格拉底的那些出身高贵的雅典青年却发现这样一个矛盾的事实：他们所崇拜英雄是如此充满智慧，如此勇敢，如此可敬可亲而又富有魅力——但却又是如此其貌不扬。其实，苏格拉底丑陋的外貌本身就是他的一个主要教育方式——以此来启发那些天真单纯，但无疑是仪表非凡的追随者：生活本身是充满矛盾的。
4. 他们也许没有接受苏格拉底的教诲，但是我们却愿意遵从。几千年后的今天，我们对美的各方面的定义更加严谨的了。我们不但轻而易举地把内在美（也就是性格智力）和外在美｛也就是外貌｝截然分开，而且当我们发现一个可人儿竟然也会如此聪慧、有才而又善良时，我们会惊讶不已。
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IV. Cloze
0ne could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of (1)c persons as split between (2)w is “inside” and what is “outside” (3)t that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale, the oppression of women. How easy it is to start off by (4)d____ women as caretakers of their surfaces, and (5)t to disparage them (or find them adorable) (6)f being “superficial.” It is a crude trap, and it has worked for too long. But to get out of the (7)t requires that women get some critical distance (8)f that excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough (9)d to see how much beauty itself has been abridged in order to prop up the mythology of the ?feminine.” There should be a way of saving beauty from (10)w --- and for them.
They may have resisted Socrates? lesson. We (11)d not. Several thousand years (12)l , we are (13)m wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not (14)o split off --- with the greatest (15)f --- the “inside” (character, intellect) (16)f the “(17)o ” (looks); but we are actually (18)s when someone who is (19)b is (20)a_______ intelligent, talented, good.
V. Proofreading: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. 1.Persons were assumed to be what we now have to call --- 1. 2.lamely, enviously ---the whole persons. If it did occur to 2. 3.the Greeks to distinguish a person?s “inside” from 3. 4.“outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be 4. 5.matched by the beauty of the other kind. The well-born 5. 6.young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found 6. 7.quite paradoxical that as their hero was so intelligent, so 7. 8.brave, so honorable, so seductive --- and so ugly. One of 8. 9.Socrates? main pedagogical act was to be ugly — and 9. 10.teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciple of 10. his how full of paradoxes life really was. Text II Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. A well-accepted linguistic principle is that as culture changes so will the language.
The language will change with culture,________________ 2. A person working constantly with language is likely to be aware of how really deep-seated sexism is in our communication system.
Sexism is really deep-seated in our communication system, which__________ 3. Every night that I didn?t have anything more interesting to do, I read myself to sleep making a card for each entry that seemed to tell something about male and female.
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Having nothing _____________________________________ 4. Perhaps the feeling was that the women had to trade in part of their femininity in exchange for their active or masculine role.
The women perhaps felt _______________________________ 5.This is in the way it is with dozens of words which have male and female counterparts.
It is also in case ____________________________________ TEXT I
Unit Eight
APPETITE
II. Rewrite the following
For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.
1. The whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having
eaten it.
The whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished once ___________ 2. Which is why I carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting, simply
because I think that appetite is too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.
The reason for my intentional self-denial of food is ___________ 3. Fasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite.
Appetite can be improved greatly in value_________________ 4. A day of fasting is not for me just a puritanical device for denying oneself a pleasure, but
rather a way of anticipating anticipating a rare moment of supreme indulgence.
When I have a day of fasting, I am not _________________ 5. Part of the weariness of modern life may be that we live too much on top of each other,
and are entertained and fed too regularly.
We feel weary in modern life partly_____________________
III. Translate the following into English
1． 胃口不仅仅是指对食物的渴望，而且是欲望未能得到满足一种状况，是血液中燃烧的火焰；它证明了你想得到更多的东西，你还没有耗尽你的生命。怀尔德曾经说过，对于那些从未得到满足的人，他感到遗憾，但对于那些已经得到了满足的人，他更倍感遗憾。我一生只得到过一次满足，而那一次几乎将我置于死地。因此，从那以后，我一直所钟情的，是那种渴望的、而并非是满足的心态。
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