初中英语语法复习大全(6)

2019-07-13 18:47

A. 构成完成时态

I have not seen him for three years.

How long has your uncle taught in the village?

He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England. B. 和动词不定式构成谓语,表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情 She had to go shopping yesterday. (3)助动词do A. 构成疑问句和否定句 Did anyone sharpen this knife? I don’t think you are right. B.用来加强语气

I do want to have a talk with you Do come and see me. C.用来代替动词词组 Have you finished your work? (4)助动词shall

构成将来时态,单纯表示未来情况 I shall not be back tonight.

We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month. (5)助动词will

构成将来时,用于第一、二、三人称。如: They will move to a new house. She will not eat any solid food. 注意:

(1)have to 与must的区别

must是情态动词,意思是“必须”、―应该”、“一定要”,后接动词原形。Must的否定形式为mustn’t.构成疑问句时,肯定回答一般用must。否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”。如:

Must I do it now ? Yes, you must

No, you needn’t.

have to 表示“不得不,必须”,可用于多种时态。 I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.

Yes, I did yesterday.

He plays basketball well. So does his brother.

I’m sorry I won’t go with you, I’ll have to go to the bank. We don’t have to install this new television set.

(2)used to 表示过去常常,而现在不再有的习惯。其否定形式为: used not to, usedn’t (usen’t) to , didn’t use to.

I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car. I used to collect stamps when I was a boy. Used they to have a lot more free time ?

第十四课时 动 词(四)

教学重点

情态动词

(1)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想。情态动词有自己的词义,但不能单独作谓语动词,必须和不带to的动词不定式连用,没有人称和数的变化,常用的情态动词有can, may, must, will, shall, should, would, need, dare.

① 情态动词有自己的词义,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或主观设想。如:

You may go now.

This bus can seat 40 people.

The work must be finished as soon as possible. ② 情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和不带to的不定式连用,没有人称和数的变化。

③ 情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式。

(2)情态动词的用法。 ① may的用法

a. 表示允许或征询对方的许可,有“可以”的意思。May not表示说话人“不许可”,如:

You may go now.

May I use you typewrite?

You may not go=I do not permit you to go.

b. 在回答may引导的疑问句时,肯定回答用yes, you may否定用No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t或No, you had better not.

② can的用法

a.表示能力,有“能、会、能够”的意思。

b. 表示允许,在口语中代替may,有“可以的意思。 c. 表示“可能性”,常用于否定句或疑问句。 The hall can hold at least 200 people.

The librarian said we could take these books. Today is Sunday, he can’t be at school today. d. can和be able to的用法比较

can用来表达能力时,由于只有现在时和过去时两种形式,其他时态要用be able to来表达。如:

I can play piano.

He has not been able to finish the work in time. ③ must 的用法

a. must表示必须,应该。如: Must I come to the party?

The article must be completed before Friday.

b. must的否定形式mustn’t, 表示“不应该、不可以、禁止”。如: You mustn’t get to school too late.

Must I do it now? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t She must have gone to Beijing. You must say sorry to me for that You mustn’t clean only own room. ④ need的用法

a. need作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句,较少用于肯定句。如: I needn’t wear a coat. = I don’t think I need wear a coat. I don’t need things like that. ⑤ shall

用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意愿。如: He shall get his money.

You shall do exactly as you wish. Shall I turn on the light? Shall I poen the window? ⑥ would的用法

表示愿望、决心、建议或看法,如: I would like to go there.

I promised that I would do my best. 表示过去的习惯.

He would often come to my house to see me.

第十五课时 动词的时态(一)

教学重点

一般现在时

在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态。

时态从时间上划分,可分为四大类:现在时;过去时;将来时;过去将来时。从行为上,每一类可以分为四种形式:一般式;进行式;完成式;完成进行式。这样英语的动词合起来,总共有十六种时态,初中只需掌握其中的八种时态。

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示现在的状态、习惯性的动作或主语所具备的性格和能力等。

① 当动词是be时,第一人称用am,第二人称用is,其他人称用are.

② 当动词是实义动词时,一般用动词原形,但如果主语是第三人称单数时,动词必须用第三人称单数形式,其变化规则如下:

变化规则 一般在动词词尾加-s, 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加-es 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es 助动词后原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。例如:

I like music.

I don’t like music.

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

Do you like music?

例 词 makes drives guesses goes carries flies 助动词do(第三人称单数用does)构成否定句、疑问句及答语,但要注意

(2)一般现在时的用法

① 表示经常、习惯性动作,常和often, usually, every day, sometimes, always等时间状语连用。如:

He goes to school by bus every day.

They often play football

② 表示能力、职业、特征。如: Miss Gao teaches English. Do you speak Japanese? ③ 表示客观存在。如: The earth moves round the sun. Time and tide wait for no man.

④ 表示已经安排好或计划好的事。如 The plane takes off at 7:30. Classes begin at 8:00

⑤ 在时间状语和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:

If I see him, I’ll tell him to give you a call. We’ll wait until he comes back. 注意:

a. 一般现在时的一些常见的时间状语有:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day, now and then, from time to time

b. 现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性的重复的动作或状态。这时句中常带always, forever以表示说话人的某种感情,如赞叹、厌烦等。如:

He is always thinking of others. He is always talking big.

第十六课时 动词的时态(二)

教学重点

一般过去时 一般过去时

(1)一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 ① 当动词为be动词时,应该用相应的过去式:


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