⑽ No, I won‘t lend you the money, you‘ve had it!
误译：不，我不会把钱借给你的，你已经借过钱了！ 应译为：
? 被动语态的翻译练习
英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见。凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法是极为重要的。对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:
1）翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。
? 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文
中使用了 ―加以‖, ―经过‖, ―用……来‖等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: 例1. Other questions will be discussed briefly. 其他问题将简单地加以讨论。 请翻译以下两句：
① In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
②Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
? 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)做主语。例如: 例：It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
21
请翻译：
③ Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.
④ It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.
? 另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为……
It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……
? 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况
下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:
例：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。 请翻译：
⑤By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
⑥And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
22
? 翻译成汉语的无主句。
例：Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.
应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。 请翻译：
⑦By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.
⑧Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
⑨New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
? 另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
? 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:
例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
23
进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。 请翻译：
⑩On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用―被‖, ―给‖, ―遭‖, ―挨‖, ―为……所‖, ―使‖, ―由…‖, ―受到‖等表示。例如: 例：Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。 请翻译：
⑴These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
⑵Natural light or ―white‖ light is actually made up of many colours.
⑶The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.
⑷They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
⑸Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
⑹Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
? 课后练习---申雨平教材 （自主学习平台）
24
第二周：讲座：如何做翻译
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
William Faulkner
任务1：阅读下面的文章，理解全文，可以用字典。
1. I feel that this award was not made to me as a man but to my work - a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.
2. So this award is only mine in trust.
3. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which l might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
4. Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
5. He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which; nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion. His grieves grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands. (350 words)
6. Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.
7. The poet's the writer's duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice, which have been the glory of his past.
8. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.
(563words)
25