I
我国大学生“村官”政策执行分析
摘 要
大学生“村官”政策是从上世纪90年代中期开始推行的，经历了从无到有、从初步试水到大规模开展的历程，对于加强新农村建设、缓解大学生就业压力具有十分重要的意义。大学生“村官”发展速度之快、规模之大，引起了了社会各界的关注，逐步从不同层面进入了人们的视野。一方面，该政策促进了农村经济发展，优化了基层干部队伍结构，在促进新农村建设和帮助大学生成长方面取得了一定的成效；另一方面，在政策执行的过程中，由于受到政策本身、执行主体、目标群体、政策环境等因素的影响和制约，导致政策执行的效果不尽理想。因而需要我们在政策实施的过程中，及时反馈执行中存在的问题与不足，找出导致执行效果不理想的原因，从而提出相对应的优化对策。本文将以政策执行的影响因素为切入点，分析目前我国大学生“村官”政策的执行现状，总结我国大学生“村官”政策执行过程中存在的问题，并提出相对应的优化对策。以此来推进大学生“村官”政策的发展与完善。 关键词：大学生“村官”，政策执行，因素
II
Analysis of the College Graduates \
Policy Implementation
ABSTRACT
College Graduates \it has experienced a trace from just trying to a feasible method. This kind of policy can both release the pressure of college graduates to find jobs and can help the construction of New Village. The fast development of this policy in speed and scale is drawing much more attention from many different perspectives of the society. On the one hand, the policy promote the rural economic development, optimize the structure of cadre at the basic level and help the college graduates to grow more achievements; On the other hand, in the process of policy implementation, due to the policy itself, the role of policy implementation, target groups, policy environment and other factors and constraints, the effect of the implementation of policies leading to less than ideal. Thus we need to do is timely feedback problems and shortcomings that exist in the process of policy implementation, identify the causes of unsatisfactory implementation, so we can put forward the corresponding countermeasures to improve this process. This article will choose the factors effect the policy implementation as the point of penetration, on these basis to analyses the current situation of village officials policy, conclude the problems during the implement of the policy, put forward the countermeasures to improve the development of the policy.
Keywords: College Graduates \
III 目 录
摘 要 .................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 目 录 .................................................................. III 1 绪论 ................................................................... 1 1.1 选题依据和意义 ...................................................... 1 1.1.1 选题依据 ........................................................ 1 1.1.2 选题意义 ........................................................ 1 1.2 研究概况 ............................................................ 1 1.2.1 大学生“村官”政策的研究概况 .................................... 1 1.2.2 政策执行的研究概况 .............................................. 2 1.3 研究内容与思路 ...................................................... 2 2 大学生“村官”政策概述 ................................................. 3 2.1 政策背景 ............................................................ 3 2.1.1 新农村建设的需要 ................................................ 3 2.1.2 大学生就业的需要 ................................................ 3 2.2 政策内容及目标 ...................................................... 4 2.2.1 政策内容 ........................................................ 4 2.2.2 政策目标 ........................................................ 4 2.3 政策执行的意义 ...................................................... 5 2.3.1 促进农村的全面发展 .............................................. 5 2.3.2 提升大学生综合能力 .............................................. 5 2.3.3 缓解大学生的就业压力 ............................................ 6 3 政策执行现状的因素分析 ................................................. 7 3.1 政策自身 ............................................................ 7 3.1.1 政策目标 ........................................................ 7 3.1.2 政策内容 ........................................................ 7 3.1.3 政策体系 ........................................................ 7 3.2 执行主体 ............................................................ 7 3.2.1 认知水平 ........................................................ 8 3.2.2 认知态度 ........................................................ 8 3.2.3 执行能力 ........................................................ 8 3.3 目标群体 ............................................................ 8 3.3.1大学生对政策的认同度 ............................................ 9
IV 3.3.2 社会民众对政策的认同程度 ........................................ 9 3.4 政策环境 ............................................................ 9 3.4.1 政治环境 ........................................................ 9 3.4.2 经济环境 ....................................................... 10 3.4.3 社会心理环境 ................................................... 10 4 大学生“村官”政策执行中存在的问题 .................................... 11 4.1 政策本身存在的问题 ................................................. 11 4.1.1 政策目标缺乏合理性 ............................................. 11 4.1.2 政策内容不完善 ................................................. 11 4.1.3 政策体系不健全 ................................................. 12 4.2 执行主体存在的问题 ................................................. 12 4.2.1认知水平有限，盲目执行 ......................................... 12 4.2.2 认知态度消极，象征执行 ......................................... 13 4.2.3 执行力不足，抵制执行 ........................................... 13 4.3 目标群体存在的问题 ................................................. 14 4.3.1大学生“利用”政策，影响认同 ................................... 14 4.3.2社会民众不解政策，难以认同 ..................................... 14 4.4 政策执行环境问题 ................................................... 15 4.4.1 缺失民众基础 ................................................... 15 4.4.2 缺乏经济保障 ................................................... 15 4.4.3 忽略社会心理 ................................................... 16 5 大学生“村官”政策执行问题的优化途径 .................................. 17 5.1 调整政策目标，完善政策机制 ......................................... 17 5.1.1 优化政策目标 ................................................... 17 5.1.2 完善政策机制 ................................................... 17 5.1.3 健全退出体制 ................................................... 17 5.2 增强执行主体的责任意识 ............................................. 18 5.2.1 提升认知能力，做好政策宣传 ..................................... 18 5.2.2 提高道德修养，增强责任意识 ..................................... 18 5.2.2 提升执行能力，保障顺畅执行 ..................................... 19 5.3 提高目标群体的认知能力 ............................................. 19 5.3.1 加强大学生“村官”的政策认同 ................................... 19 5.3.2 加强社会民众的政策认同 ......................................... 19 5.4 优化政策执行环境 ................................................... 19 5.4.1 保障薪资待遇，加大扶持力度 ..................................... 20
V 5.4.2 优化社会环境，增强政策认同 ..................................... 20 5.4.3 完善学科建设，加强就业指导 ..................................... 20 结 语 .................................................................. 22 致 谢 .................................................................. 23 参考文献 ................................................................ 24