四级写作——周湘 (周湘湘oleander新浪微博，周湘oleander 人人)
一. 四级写作的特点
1. 2. 3. 4.
语言以简洁的简单句为主，最多辅以一两个定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句。
内容以大众易于表达为主，重点放在动词，动词词组，形容词的选择上。 话题以常见社会，文化，教育，科技类话题为主，远离热点和争议性话题。
语意以准确完整为主，不必刻 意追求深刻和个性（区分及物动词和不及物动词，名词的意思和正确的形式。）
二. 英语四级写作历年题目汇总 2012 on excessive packaging
2011 nothing succeeds without a strong will 2011 online shopping
2010 how should parents help children to be independent? 2010 due attention should be given to spelling 2009 create a green campus 2009 free admission to museums
2008 restriction on disposable plastic bags 2008 on green olympics 2007 on selective courses
2007 an announcement to welcome students to join a club 2006 on cctv spring festival gala
2006 an announcement for a voluntary program
2005 should the university campus be open to tourists 2005 teachers day
2005 a campaign speech
2004 a brief introduction to a tourist attraction 2004 a letter in reply to a friend
2003 an eye witness account of a traffic accident 2003 it pays to be honest
2002 student use of computers 2002 a letter to a school
2001 a letter to a schoolmate
2001 how to succeed in a job interview? 2000 is a test of spoken english necessary? 2000 how i finance my college education? 题目分析： 1. 2.
只考教育（13次），社会（11次，热点一次），品质类话题（2次） 出题形式：
信件－－意图，细节，客套（套用模板）(湘湘的香水瓶）
说明文－－on the importance/effect/influence/reasons of...; why ....; how...（原因，结果，方式，重要性）
议论文－－Should...? Is it necessary for ....to do...?
what is your opinion?
图表分析-- 说明文－－图表数据，说明原因或者影响 3. 下次考试？ a. b. c.
教育类话题为主 “小心”材料题
提纲式题目按模板写即可，不可踰越提纲
d. 模板统一性
三. 如何备考 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
四. 语言准备 词汇的记忆的六步：
1念 2拼 3变化 4拆 5分 6展开（Merriam Webster) 1.
动词类
保护：protect, shield, defend, guard 抱怨：complain,make complaints about 避免：avoid, keep away from 澄清：clarify, clear up, explain, define 持续：last, endure, keep on 打破：break, fall apart, smash, crack 耽搁：delay, postpone, put off
导致：result in, lead to, bring about, generate 调查：examine, probe into, investigate 丢弃：abandon, discard, quit
发生：happen, take place, occur， break out, come about 发现：discover, turn up, dig out 察觉：notice perceive, detect
反对：object to, disapprove of, protest against, oppose to 反抗：resist, repel against 废止：abolish
重点准备话题词汇和句型
对掌握的句型和词汇结合话题进行句子练习
考前一个月左右进行完整文章写作练习（利用模板和准备好的话题词汇） 话题按照教育，社会，精神分类准备 练习数量在于“精”“准”，不在于“多”。
分配：share, distribute, allot 服从：obey, comply with, abide by 复制：copy, reproduce, duplicate 改变：change, vary, reform 隔离：isolate, separate, set apart 攻击：attack, invade
忽视：neglect, ignore, overlook 花费：spend, expend, consume 唤起：evoke, awaken, call forth 混合：mix, blend
获得：acquire, gain, obtain 激发：arouse, stir, provoke
加强：strengthen, beef up, reinforce 假装：pretend,simulate 减少：decrease, fall off, dwindle 讲述：report, portray
教育：educate, train, enlighten
揭露：reveal, uncover, unmask, expose 节约：conserve, cut back, economize 解雇：fire, dismiss lay off 解释：translate, reword, restate
集中：focus on, center on, concentrate on 居住：inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell 拒绝：refuse,turn down 赠送：donate, contribute, grant 决定：decide, choose, opt 激励：activate, motivate, spur 开始：start, set about
夸奖：flatter, praise, compliment 描述：describe, picture, depict 例证：typify, stand for, represent 迷惑：puzzle, confuse, bewilder 明白：understand, make out 评价：evaluate, assess, estimate
评论：comment, remark,criticize 破坏：destroy, wipe out, wreck 欺骗：mislead, deceive, trick 强调：stress, emphasize 强迫：force, oblige, compel 欣赏：admire, respect, worship 限制：restrict, ban 取消：cancel, call off
忍受：bear, tolerate, weather, put up with 认出：recognize, spot, discern, identify 散播：broadcast, spread 2. 衔接类的逻辑词类 顺序类
首先,其次, 然后, 最后: firstly, secondly, thirdly; in the first place, in the second place, in the final place;
first and foremost, moreover, additionally, furthermore, eventually, last but by no means least;
to start with, to end with, on top of that, in addition to that, added to that, besides, finally, lastly.
Initially, plus/also, ultimately.
转折类
However, otherwise, nevertheless, instead, notwithstanding
In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, despite the fact that, in spite of But, yet, although, even though, though Admittedly, concededly.
Albeit+形容词／介词词组／分词， 常位于句中
Your courage, albeit frail and faint, can still push me forward, continuously.
强调类
Of course, indeed, most important, certainly, in fact, obviously, clearly, surely, in particular, in this case, actually.
对比类
In comparison, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, identically
递进类
Furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, additionally, also. 因果类
原因 because of, owing to, due to, thanks to Because of you, I failed.
Because of you loved me, I remain single till today.
Because of the fact that you loved me, I remain single till today. Because you loved me, I remain single till today.
because, since, for, as, in that mainly/merely/simply because
Many Chinese students go to USA to further their studies in that they believe they can have more opportunities to live happily and freely.
结果 therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly as a result, as a consequence so
3 名词的修饰方法 a.
名词的正确形式和准确语意，单数可数名词不可以单独出现，必须加上冠词；复数
名词和不可数名词可以单独出现，如果表示特指含义，则需加上the.
eg: The study of literature works is very important to student. Practice makes permanence. b. 冠词＋形容词＋名词 great pressure intense pressure
修饰人的形容词：褒贬(generous, miserly; selfish, selfless/altruistic; introverted, extroverted; sensitive, insensitive; ) 外表，性格，情感； 修饰事件：重要的，必要的，普遍的，流行的，复杂的 c.
冠词＋（形容词）＋名词＋定语从句
定语从句就是一个带有动作含义的后置定语 which, that, who的引导词
which:指物，表示“具体的，可触的”物体，比如“桌子，电脑等”
that: 指物，表示“抽象的，不可触的”没有生命的对象，比如“期待，假设，灵感，梦想，文化”等。
who: 指人，表示“具体的”各种人群，比如男人，女人，老人，小孩，学生，老师等。 that: 指由人构成的组织或机构，比如“committee, government, commission, agency，band”等。 d.
冠词＋（形容词）＋名词＋介词修饰
out of : 出于
The help out of compassion Passion out of curiosity