初中英语语法讲座（三）
姓名_____________
四、代词 (一)
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books) ⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room) 3.\名词性物主代词\表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构： enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自) help oneself to? (随便吃/喝 些...)
learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) 练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think. A. They B. Their C. Theirs D. Them
2. Nobody taught___ English. He taught____.
A. him, himself B. his, himself C .him, by himself D. his, his （二） 修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.
如:There are quite a few new books in the library. 用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new There's ____ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A. important anything B. important something C. anything important D. something important (四)另外，代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。 any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句 ① Will you give me some water? ② Would you like some meat? ③ May I ask some questions? ④ Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。 如：Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都” 作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” , 作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。 如：They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week
Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one ? the other “一个??，另一个??” the other +复数名词
= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人”
(五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. I'm going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考题) ________ ________ are you going to take?
初中英语语法讲座（四）
姓名_____________
五、形容词 副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：
比较级： 比较...，更...一些 最高级： 最...
（A）1.构成：(规则情况) 情 况 变 化 方 法 例 词 单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母e结尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest 以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变化，须熟记：
good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的使用情况
1.as ? as ? 和...一样（中间用原级）
2.not as(so) ? as 和...不一样（中间用原级） 3? than ?. ..比...（用比较级）
4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的 eg. ⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year. ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越?...” eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越?...就越?... eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 (C)注意点：
1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。
3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. (D)掌握三种同义句转换：
1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.
2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this one. 3.I prefer maths to English.
=I like maths better than English. 96中考题：
Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A .best, or B .better, or C .best, and D. better, and
此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握： 1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。 2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词
enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词
eg; she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。 3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也
too用于肯定、疑问句 also 较为正式书面语 either 用于否定句 已经
already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet 常用于否定句、疑问句 不再
no (not any) longer 从时间上讲 no (not any) more 从动作上讲 如此这样
such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big 单独、独自
alone 作表语 =by oneself 孤独的
lonely 可作表语、定语