语法补充资料——分词
I． 要点
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。 过去分词的句法功能： １、 作定语
I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine. ２、 作表语
When I came into the room, I found the window was broken. I'm interested in this book. ３、 作宾语补足语
I'm going to have my bike repaired. When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police. 4、作状语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students. 现在分词的句法功能。 1、作状语
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him. 2、作宾语
I hate being spoken ill of. He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation. 3、作表语
Seeing is believing. The book is interesting. 4、作宾语补足语
I noticed him crossing the street. Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen. 5、作定语
Do you know the man writing a letter? The worker running a machine is my brother. 分词使用中的几个问题 1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out. 2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried. 3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there. 4、have结构
We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car. We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning. 5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting. 6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park. II． 例题
例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting 例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
初中英语语法讲座（八）
姓名_____________
九、构词法
eg: To an American, a Chinese is a _____________. (foreign) 前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly im-“不” possible impossible 后缀 例词 派生词 -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver（以e结尾，-r） run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er) win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor
-ly（副词后缀） bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例：
true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly -ful（形容词后缀） care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful -y （形容词后缀） rain rainy luck lucky
cloud cloudy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y） snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y） wind windy
-ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation -ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness 一些特例： 动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen danger dangerous 动词 过去分词转为形容词 difference different fry fried worry worried 动词 名词 break broken know knowledge lose lost fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured 名词 名词 动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 farm farmer 农夫 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语 developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”
练习题
1、Lucy can write a letter ___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months. A. from B. to C. in D. with
2、They will have an English test ___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after
3、Wu Dong was born ___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to
4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home. A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as
5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow. A. how B. weather C. whether D. what
6、His parents were _______ (happy) because he had failed the exam again. 7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.
8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.
思考题
1、The farmer was ___tired ___he couldn't fall asleep. A. very?to B. too?to C. so?that D. neither?nor 2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or
3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it.
A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested