前面说了读问题的方法和步骤,问题可分成两类:具体的和不具体的或者说需要记的和不需要记的。对不同的问题,读文章时的处理方法也是不同的。
1.对于那些需要记的问题,答案是从原文中可以直接或间接找到的。在读文章时,一旦看到问题里的内容时,就要重点读了,应该划下来,做个标记(比如标上问题的序号)。
2.对于那些不需要记的,情况相对复杂一些。
(1)如果问题是问某一段的主要意思的,那么这段话的第一句话要好好读;
(2)如果问题是问从某一段能推断出什么的,那么除了这段话的第一句话要好好读外,转折句也应好好读;
(3)如果问题里面的最后一两个问题不是围绕具体内容的,那么要特别注意整篇文章的最后一句话;
(4)另外,对于段落不多,但每段内容比较多的文章,有几个地方要划下来:第一处是列举的地方(不过不用标题号,除非有与问题有关),第二处是转折的地方;
(5)对于主题类问题,原文的有些信息对这类题有影响。如果是总-分或者分-总结构,读文章时一旦发现头和尾又遥想呼应的,一般就是主题题的答案;
(6)凡是问作者态度的题,除了整篇重要以外,最后一段也很重要。
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以上就是读文章的方法和步骤,读者会发现其实读文章和读问题是紧密结合在一起的,因为读文章要从问题出发,以问题为指引,不同的问题在文章中相应的有不同的读法。下面我们说说读文章时要注意的一些问题。
二、需要注意的问题
读文章时需要注意的问题有:不要在文章中看到与问题里对应的内容就马上去做题,因为如果立刻就去解题,文章就会显得很零散,文章的整体性会被破坏,从而会影响那些不是问具体内容的题目的解答。
另外,读文章时如果遇到不认识的词,看不懂的句子也不要紧,不要做过多的纠缠。我们前面已经说过了,尽量用认识的词把句子、段落和文章的整体意思把握住。
还有一个问题就是不要追求太快的速度。因为按照这种方法,每篇文章只读一遍就可以,而考研时,分配给每篇阅读的时间有10分钟左右,所以足够我们读完一篇文章。但是不要习惯性地把文章翻译成中文语序的中文(在心里默翻也不行),就用英文语序的中文来读和记忆就可以了。
三、举例
下面用96年的考研阅读真题为大家举出读文章时的例子。正如前面所说,读文章和读问题是密不可分的,所以在这里举例子的过程也包括了读题这一步骤。 Passage l
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Tight-lipped elders used to say, \not what you want in this world, but what you get. \you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
Likewise, If you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This acoount of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your \and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready
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to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
1. What do the elders mean when they say, \this world, but what you get. \(A) You'll certainly get what you want. (B) It's no use dreaming.
(C) You should be dissatisfied with what you have. (D) It's essential to set a goal for yourself.
2. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as__.
(A) an illustration of how to write an application for a job (B) an indication of how to secure a good job (C) a guideline for job description (D) a principle for job evaluation
3. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because __. (A) that is the first step to please the employer (B) that is the requirement of the employer
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(C) it enables him to know when to sell his services (D) it forces him to become clearly aware of himself
4. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something__.
(A) definite to offer (B) imaginary to provide (C) practical to supply (D) desirable to present
先来读问题,第1题问当年长的人说了那样一句话的时候他们是什么意思,显然涉及了具体内容,这个具体的内容就是年长的人说的那句话,不过我们更要注意这句话的上下文,因为问的是他们说这句话的意思。不过那句话太长了可能记不下来,但是头脑中要有这么个印象:年长的人说某一句话的时候,是什么意思。第2题问朋友来吃晚饭前做的blueprint(不认识?没关系,看了文章可能就能猜出来了,猜不出来也没关系,因为题目是问文章里提到它是干什么的)在文章中是用来干吗的。问到了blueprint,而且是请朋友来吃晚饭前的blueprint是做什么用的,显然是涉及到了具体内容,要记。第3题问找工作之前要写关于他自己的什么东西(假设account这词不认识)的原因是什么,找工作之前是一个具体内容,account是具体内容,because也是具体内容,而且是我们最应该注意的内容,要记。第4题问当你仔细准备了一个关于你能力和愿望的blueprint的时候,你就有个什么样的东西。这里虽然也是一个blueprint,但是是关于你能力和愿望的blueprint,很具体,所以也需要记。不过需要注意,问
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