从 before 句 after till 调主句和从句的动作went. 他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 同时发生。 Be a pupil before you become a teacher. before译为在?之前 先做学生，再做先生。 He arrived after the game started. 比赛开始后，他到了。 We waited till (until)he came back . 我们一直等到他回来。 例 句 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到?为止” 说 明 种类 从属连句 时 since 间 until She didn’t stop working until eleven 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表o’clock . 示“直?才”“在?以她到11点钟才停止工作。 Until he had passed out of sight, she stood 前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用there. 她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 until Great changes have taken place in China 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句since 1978. 自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 分开，如从句在主句状 as soon as As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write 之后则不必用标点符号。 to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 语 hardly when 从 no 句 soonerthan ?I had hardly got home when it began to hardly?when和no rain. sooner?than的意义我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got 相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事home when it began to rain. ?No sooner had we got to the station than 情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，the train left. 我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 如hardly或no soonerHardly had we begun when we were told to 位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 部分倒装。 every time, Every time I travelled by boat, I got 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去by the seasick. 将来时，而要用现在time, the 我每次乘船都晕船。 moment The moment I heard the song, I felt 时或过去时代替将来等 时。 cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。 Next time you come ,you’ll see him. 下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 where 地 点 wherever 状 语 从 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is water there is life. 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。 36
where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
句 原 because 因 状 语 since 从 句
种类 从属连句 as 原 因 Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 I came back late yesterday because I was because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一on duty. 昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 般放在主句之后 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our since表示既然或全已meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首 说 明 例 句 As he didn’t know much English, he 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，looked up the word in the dictionary . 由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这常用于口语中。 个单词。 状 now that, Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we seeing (that), now that 语 seeing can start our journey. 和since, as 意义相似，从 that 鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。 他们都有“鉴于某个事句 Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for 实”的意思，that可以省去。 the doctor. 鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 that I shall write down your telephone number 目的状语从句中常用that I may not forget. 情态动词may (might) 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 can (could) ,should 等目 so that We’ll tell you the truth so that you can 放在动词之前，从句往的 往放在主句之后，主从judge for yourself. 状 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判句之间不用任何标点语 断。 符号 从 in order They worked harder than usual in order 句 that that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完 lest = for 成工作。 fear that Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 so that We turned up the radio, so that everyone so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。 heard the news. 结 我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了so?that的so后面跟形新闻。 容词或副词。 果 so?that He was so excited that he couldn’t say a 状
word. 他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 such?He gave such important reasons that he such?that的such后面37
语 that 从 句 was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得跟名词，如果名词是单到大家的谅解。 数就要用such a /an?It is such an interesting novel that all of us that还可以转换用so?want to read it. that，语气较强 It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 例 句 说 明 Difficulties are nothing if we are not unless从句的谓语只能afraid of them. 用肯定式。unless和if?如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么not同义，unless是书了。 面语，if?not是口语，We shall go there tomorrow unless it 通常二者可以换用。 条件状语从句中的谓rains. 除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。 语动词的时态一般要种类 从属连句 if 条 件 unless 状 = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t 用现在时或过去时代语 as/so long rain. 替一般将来时或过去 as So/As long as you work hard, you will 将来时。 从 in case 句 so far as succeed. 只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。 In case I forget, please remind me about it . 万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知，那本书下月出版。 as 方 式 as if? 状 as though 语 从 句 though 让 步 although 状
Draw a cat as I taught you . 按照我教你的画一只猫。 Do as you are told. 按照人家告诉你做的去做。 She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是生病了。 此处as译为，按照或正如 as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可He acted as if (though) nothing had 以用虚拟语气。 happened. 他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。 They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 Although (Though) he was over sixty, 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”(yet) he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。 （but）但可以与yet或We were not tired though (although) we still连用。though / had worked all day. 虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 38
although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通 语 even if 从 even though 句
种类 从属连词 让 步 状 语 从 句 no matter Do it no matter what others say. (who, 不管别人怎么说,尽管干。 what when, where which, how?) as 例 句 Child as he is , he knows a lot . 虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。 I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. even if 和even though即使明天下雨，我也要去。 的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。 说 明 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用 Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the though或although引导的从句，语气强，更children play outdoors. 虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。 no matter??与 who-ever引导的让步No matter how busy he was, he studied 状语从句意义基本一 English every day. 样，no matter??引导不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 的从句可是以位于主No matter who takes up the matter for 句前或主句后。 me ,I shall be very grateful. 不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 wh－ever Whatever happens / may happen , we wh－ever从句中的动(whatever shall not lose heart. 词有时可以和may连whoever 无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。 用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是whenever Whoever comes, he will be welcome. whicheve无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 r however) 名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。 不可将no matter与wh—ever连用 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as?as 比 较 状 语 从
as?as Mary is as old as my sister. 玛利和我姐姐一样大。 not so/as He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does). 否定句可用not as?as ?as 他不如杰克跑得那样快。 或not so?as the same His book is the same as mine. ?as 他的书和我的一样。 such?as Henry is not such a good worker as Peter . 享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 than She has made greater progress this year 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形than she did last year. 她今年比去年进步更大。 容词或副词。 39
句
种类 从属连句 He bought fewer books than I (did). 他买的书比我买的少。 例 句 说 明 the more The more you read, the better you the more?the more 比 ?意思为越?越?，通常the understand. 你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。 的语序为从句在前主 more 较 The more tickets you sell, the more money 句在后，这两个the都 状 语 从 句 特 殊 形 式 的 状 语 从 句 【专项训练】： Ⅰ、选择填空：
1、You like sports I’d like to read.
A．when
B．while
C．but
D．yet
2、 we were singing, the teacher came in. A．Before B．after C．As D．Until 3、I was about to leave my house the phone rang. A．while B． when C．as D．after 4、They did not stop fighting there was no enemy left. A．until B．after C．when D．since 5、I have not seen him he went to college. A．when B．before C．as 6、It is five days we came here. A．when B．before C．as 7、It was not long he got to know it. A．when B．before 8、We shall go we are free.
是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或The harder you work, the greater 副词前面。 you will get. 你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。 progress you will make. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 句子意思明显，句子的The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 主语和动词都可省略。 The warmer, the better. 越暖和越好。 that We are sure (that )the four modernization that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形will be realized in China . 我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。 容词后面，从句概念上I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to 看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语write you sooner. 很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。 从句，但结构上看，也I am afraid that I can’t go with you. 恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。
D．since D．since D．until
C．after
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