有一个特殊变化：fridge ( refrigerator 截短之后在i, g 中间加一个d ) , 还有拼写发生变化，比如说：coke ( coca cola) 问题：什么是acronymy？
Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of neames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms Acronymy 包含两类: 1) initialisms (不发音) e.g. BBC, VOA, TB
2) acronyms (形成新的发音) e.g. CORE, TEFL `
Words from proper names 有四大类: 1. Names of people
e.g. bobby : Names of people 2. Names of places e.g. champagne, rugby 3. Names of books e.g. utopia 4. Tradenames e.g. cabal
问题：以下的词采用哪种构词法？
e.g. diagnosis ---?diagnose : (先有诊断的名词,后有了诊断的动词, 这种构词被称作) backformation
bloomers (它的构词法满足哪一种词法): 属于Words from proper names 中的Names of people VJ-day :(这种构词法是由哪一种构成的)属于Initialisms 中的Acronyms
Pop: (采用哪一种构词法构成的) : clipping Sitcom : blending FORTRAN : head + head
Bath (名词) ----- bathe ( 动词)
Bath 和 bathe 存在一种什么关系? ( Conversion ) 重点句：Conversion is also known as functional shift. 问题：Noun + v-ing, 这类词构成的词是什么词 ？ 答案：compounding
问题：Record-breaking , 它是属于复合法中的哪一种？ 答案：Adjectives compounds
问题：请说出Adjectives compounds 中多产性强的有几类？ 答案： 有三类 1) n + v-ing 2) n + a 3) n + v-ed
问题：up-bringing 是属于哪一类构词法构成的词？ 答案：noun compounds (adv + v-ing ) 问题：复合词与自由短语的最大的区别是什么? 答案：区别也就是复合词的特点: 1) Phonetic features 2) Semantic features 3) Grammatical features
问题：red meat, green horn,它们是复合词的哪一个特点构成的词? 答案 ：Semantic features (也就是从构词上推不出它的涵义） 问题：Compounding又被称作什么法？
答案：composition
问题：由compounding 或composition 构成的词被称作什么？ 答案：compounds
问题：复合词分为几类？分别举例加以说明？ 答案：分为三类：solid, hyphenated, open solid : blackmail , blackmarket hyphenated: brother-in-law, open : green horn , green hand
问题：当形容词转为动词时分为几类：Adjectives to verbs 答案：有三类：
1) Both transitive and intransitive 2) Only transitive 3) Only intransitive
问题：由人的行为所造成的结果进行转类之后，转成了什么词性? 答案：verb to noun e.g. catch
问题：形容词可不可以转类，转成名词分为几个类别? 答案：分为两类：
1) full conversion e.g. black , white
2) partial conversion e.g. the rich , the poor
问题：名词再变成名词分为几类？分别举例说明？ 答案：1) Concrete 2) abstract e.g.
host : （可加-ess 变成具体名词） friend : (加-ship 可变成抽象名词）
问题：(只作了解) A word is unity of sound and meaning ( true or false ) 答案：true ( 可从word 的四个特点看出）
问题：Most loaned words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change in sound and spelling. （true or false). 答案： true 外来词分为四类： 1) Denizens
e.g. cup from cuppa , port form portus 2) Aliens
e.g. garage , decor 3) Translation -loans e.g. long time no see 4) Semantic- loans. e.g. dream
判断对错题：
1．Conversion means transfer of a word from one class to anther . (true or false ) 答案：true
2． The relationship between a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary and conventional. (true or false ). 答案：true
3.a word used in different contexts may contrast with different
antonyms .(true or false) 答案：true
4. an allomorph is any of the variant forms of morphemes. (true or false ) 答题： false
重点句：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.
E.g. fast （fast 在不同的语境中对应着不同的概念） 选择题：
Chinese is our native language, but we can not say the Chinese is our ? . a)mother tongue b) first language c) mother language d) official language 答案：C）mother language ( 不存在的一种说法)
问题：以下的哪一个词 is not an expression used by American? A) tube B) bar C) Mailbox D) Congress
答案：tube ( 只有英国人把地铁叫tube , 美国人把它叫作subway, underground ) 问题：‘smog’它是‘smoke , fog’ 合在一起形成的词，它是采用了下面哪一 种构词法？
A) clipping B ) compounding C) blending D) backformation 答案： C ) blending
问题：以下的词哪些属于：A)simple word B) compound word C) derived word D) shortened form. e.g. goldmine (compound word ) bike ( shortened form )
process (derived word : cess 是一个不可分割的bound root，pro 它