① △ADP∽△BCP时,有8ADAP2y∴y=…………6分?,即?5 BCPB88?y
②△ADP∽△BPC时,有ADAP2y∴y=4 ……………7分 ?,即?BPBC8?y8
8或4 ……………………………………8分 5故存在符合条件的点P,此时AP=
?分为三等份,连接MC并7、已知:如图,直径为OA的⊙M与x轴交于点O、A,点B、C把OA延长交y轴于点D(0,.(6分) 3) (1)求证:△OMD≌△BAO;(2)若直线l:y?kx?b把⊙M的面积分为二等份, 求证:3k?b?0.(4分)
2 1 O M 3 A x y D?0,3? 4 C B ?三等分,∴?1??5?60°, · ·证明:(1)连接BM,∵B、C把OA······························ 1 分
1?5?30°, ········································································ 2 分 21 又∵OA为⊙M直径,∴?ABO?90°,∴AB?OA?OM,?3?60°, ············ 3 分
2∴?1??3,?DOM??ABO?90°, ············································································ 4 分
又∵OM?BM,∴?2???1??3,?在△OMD和△BAO中,?OM?AB, ································································· 5 分
??DOM??ABO.?∴△OMD≌△BAO(ASA) ····························································································· 6 分 (2)若直线l把⊙M的面积分为二等份,
y 则直线l必过圆心M, ············································· 7 分
D?0,3? 3),?1?60°, ∵D(0,OD3??3, ∴OM?tan60°3∴M(3,··························································· 8 分 0), ·把 M(3,0)代入y?kx?b得:
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4 C B 2 1 O M 5 3 A x ························································ 10 分 3k?b?0. ·
8、如图 11,矩形ABCD中,AB?5,AD?3.点E是CD上的动点,以AE为直径的⊙O与AB交于点F,过点F作FG⊥BE于点G. (1)当E是CD的中点时:
①tan?EAB的值为______________; ② 证明:FG是⊙O的切线;
(2)试探究:BE能否与⊙O相切?若能,求出此时DE的长;若不能,请说明理由. E D C
O G
解:(1)①
A F 图11
B
E 6D C ······························································· 2分
5O G ②法一:在矩形ABCD中,AD?BC,
?ADE??BCE,又CE?DE, B A F ∴△ADE≌△BCE, ················································ 3分
得AE?BE,?EAB??EBA,
连OF,则OF?OA, ∴?OAF??OFA, ?OFA??EBA, ∴OF∥EB, ·················································································· 4 分 ∵FG⊥BE, ∴FG⊥OF, ∴FG是⊙O的切线 ································································································· 6分 (法二:提示:连EF,DF,证四边形DFBE是平行四边形.参照法一给分.) (2)法一:若BE能与⊙O相切, ∵AE是⊙O的直径, ∴AE⊥BE,则?DEA??BEC?90°,
又?EBC??BEC?90°, ∴?DEA??EBC,
∴Rt△ADE∽Rt△ECB, ADDE3x??, ∴,设DE?x,则EC?5?x,AD?BC?3,得ECBC5?x3整理得x?5x?9?0. ······································································································· 8 分 ∵b?4ac?25?36??11?0, ∴该方程无实数根.
∴点E不存在,BE不能与⊙O相切. ·········································· 10分 法二: 若BE能与⊙O相切,因AE是⊙O的直径,则AE⊥BE,?AEB?90°,
222设DE?x,则EC?5?x,由勾股定理得:AE?EB?AB,
2222即(9?x)?[(5?x)?9]?25, 整理得x?5x?9?0, ······································· 8分
2∵b?4ac?25?36??11?0, ∴该方程无实数根.
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2∴点E不存在,BE不能与⊙O相切. ·········································· 10分 (法三:本题可以通过判断以AB为直径的圆与DC是否有交点来求解,参照前一解法给分)
9、问题:(1)如图1,圆内接△ABC中,AB=BC=CA,OD、OE为⊙O的半径,OD⊥BC于点F,OE⊥AC于点G,求证:阴影部分四边形OFCG的面积是△ABC的面积的
1. 31. 3AE(2)如图2,若∠DOE保持120°角度不变,求证:当∠DOE绕着O点旋转时,由两条半径和△ABC的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是△ABC的面积的
A
E G O BBCF
D
图1解:(1)证明:过点O作OH⊥AB于点H.
∵等边△ABC是⊙O的内接三角形,OD⊥BC ,OH⊥AB,OE⊥AC
∴∠B=∠C=60°,∠BHO=∠BFO=∠CFO=∠CGO=90°, BH=BF=CF=CG,OH=OF=OG ∴∠FOH=∠FOG=180°-60°=120°,∴四边形BDOH≌四边形CFOG 同理:四边形BDOH≌四边形AHOG
OCD图2∴四边形BDOH≌四边形CFOG≌四边形AHOG ∴S四边形AHOG=S四边形BHOF=S四边形CFOG, 又∵S?ABC?S四边形AHOG+S四边形BHOF+S四边形CFOG=3S四边形CFOG∴S四边形CFOG=S?ABC.
(2)证明:过圆心O分别作OM⊥BC,ON⊥AC,垂足为M、N. 则有∠OMF=∠ONG=90°,OM=ON,∠MON=∠FOG=120° ∴∠MON-∠FON=∠FOG-∠FON,即∠MOF=∠NOG ∴△MOF≌△NOG,∴S四边形CFOG=S四边形CMON=S?ABC ∴若∠DOE保持120°角度不变,当∠DOE绕着O点旋转时,由两条半径和△ABC的两条边围成的图形(图中阴影部分)面积始终是△ABC的面积的
10、如图13-1至图13-5,⊙O均作无滑动滚动,⊙O1、⊙O2、⊙O3、⊙O4均表示⊙O与线段AB或BC相切于端点时刻的位置,⊙O的周长为c. 阅读理解:
(1)如图13-1,⊙O从⊙O1的位置出发,沿AB滚动到⊙O2的位置,当AB = c时,⊙O恰好自转1周. (2)如图13-2,∠ABC相邻的补角是n°,⊙O在∠ABC外部沿A-B-C滚动,在点B处,必须由⊙O1
n的位置旋转到⊙O2的位置,⊙O绕点B旋转的角∠O1BO2 = n°,⊙O在点B处自转周(360分之n).实
360践应用:
(1)在阅读理解的(1)中,若AB = 2c,则⊙O自转 周;若AB = l,则⊙O自转 周.在
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13131. 3阅读理解的(2)中,若∠ABC = 120°,则⊙O在点B处自转 周;若∠ABC = 60°,则⊙O在点B处自转 周.
(2)如图13-3,∠ABC=90°,AB=BC=⊙O4的位置,⊙O自转 周.
拓展联想:
(1)如图13-4,△ABC的周长为l,⊙O从与AB相切于点D的位置出发,在△ABC外部,按顺时针方向沿三角形滚动,又回到与AB相切于点D的位置,⊙O自转了多少周?请说明理由. (2)如图13-5,多边形的周长为l,⊙O从与某边相切于点D的位置出发,在多边形外部,按顺时针方向沿多边形滚动,又回到与该边相切于点D的位置,直接写出⊙O自转的周数. ..B
O1 O1 O O2 O2 O2 O1 O O3 O B n° D A B A D B C A 图13-2 图13-1 C A O4 C
图13-4
图13-3
1c.⊙O从⊙O1的位置出发,在∠ABC外部沿A-B-C滚动到2l151解:实践应用(1)2;.;. (2).
436cl拓展联想(1)∵△ABC的周长为l,∴⊙O在三边上自转了周.
c又∵三角形的外角和是360°,
∴在三个顶点处,⊙O自转了
O D 360. ?1(周)
360图13-5
l∴⊙O共自转了(+1)周.
cl(2)+1.
c
?11、如图10,在⊙O中,AB为⊙O的直径,AC是弦,OC?4,?OAC?60.
(1)求∠AOC的度数;
(2)在图10中,P为直径BA延长线上的一点,当CP与⊙O相切时,求PO的长;
(3) 如图11,一动点M从A点出发,在⊙O上按逆时针方向运动,当S△MAO?S△CAO时,求动点M所经过的弧长.
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C C P A O
B
A M 2 O B
图10
图11
.解:(1)∵ 在△ACO中,?OAC?60,OC?OA
∴ △ACO是等边三角形 ∴ ∠AOC?60° ························································ (3分) (2)∵ CP与⊙O相切,OC是半径. ∴ CP⊥OC
∴ ∠P?90°-∠AOC?30° ∴ PO?2CO?8 ·············································· (6分) (3)如图11,(每找出一点并求出弧长得1分)
① 作点C关于直径AB的对称点M1,连结AM1,OM1 .
C M3 ?4π4?AM1??60?π ∴ ?180?3易得S?M1AO?S?CAO,?AOM1?60?
A M 2 M1 O B ∴ 当点M运动到M1时,S△MAO?S△CAO, 此时点M经过的弧长为
M2 图11
4π. 3② 过点M1作M1M2∥AB交⊙O于点M2,连结AM2,OM2,易得S△M2AO?S△CAO. ∴ ?AOM1??M1OM2??BOM2?60?
AM2?∴?4π84π8??2?π 或 ?AM2??120?π 33180?38π. 3∴ 当点M运动到M2时,S△MAO?S△CAO,此时点M经过的弧长为
③ 过点C作CM3∥AB交⊙O于点M3,连结AM3,OM3,易得S△M3AO?S△CAO ∴ ?BOM3?60?,
AM2M3?∴?4π168π16???240?πAMM??2?π 或 23180?33316π. 3∴ 当点M运动到M3时,S△MAO?S△CAO,此时点M经过的弧长为 ④ 当点M运动到C时,M与C重合,S△MAO?S△CAO, 此时点M经过的弧长为
4π2016π4π20??300?π??π. 或 180?3333
12、如图11,AB是⊙O的直径,弦BC=2cm,∠ABC=60o. (1)求⊙O的直径;
(2)若D是AB延长线上一点,连结CD,当BD长为多少时,CD与⊙O相切;
(3)若动点E以2cm/s的速度从A点出发沿着AB方向运动,同时动点F以1cm/s的速度从B点出发沿BC方向运动,设运动时间为t(s)(0?t?2),连结EF,当t为何值时,△BEF为直角三角形.
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