经典题型三、科普类
[题目1 ]
We each have a memory (记忆力) . That's why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again.
Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day, In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.
1. What can a memory do?
A) It can help us learn new language B) It makes our body healthy C) It help people remember things D) It can do more exercises
2. ―Many of the great men hare got surprising memories‖ here ‖surprising‖ means A) bad B)frightened C)big D)very good
3. Why do the student hare a lot of trouble a foreign language? Because A) they can‘t hare enough time and chances to practice if B) they don‘t study hard on it C) they are not in a foreign country
D) the foreign language is too difficult for them 4. From the passage we know A) We can‘t learn mother language and foreign language at the same time B) good memory can help people a lot in learning a language C) the great men are successful because of the surprising memory D) exercises can help memory little
【趋势预测】科普性文章近年已成为中考题中必考题目，它涉及的内容陌生，表述多用术语，与学生的日常生活及文化知识的储备之间距离较大，这也成其较为艰涩难懂的主要原因；同时，由于理解不畅而影响了学生做题情绪，也是对学生心理素质的一种考查，故此题材倍受青睐。 【解题关键】本文以科学的态度论述了人们的记忆力以及培养好的记忆力的方法，并谈及语言学习与记忆的关系。 解决本题，要时刻紧扣文章内容本子，不可根据自己的经验轻率论断。 【答案解析】
1、C 本篇文章前两句是中心句、概括句是对“memory‖一个概括和定义，由此容易得出，其余三项太片面 2) D本题属于词语断义，此种题一方面掌握本意，同时又要放到具体语境中引出恰当的引申义，“surprising‖即令人惊喜的引申出出奇的好！
3) A 本题与学生自动体验有密切关系，其余三项不全面
4) B 运用排除法，A项在第二段描述“双语学习”中可找到反面证据 C项太片面，伟大不仅仅有个好记忆，而好的记忆只是感动的一项条件 D由于后一句可推翻
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[题目2 ]
Many places in the world need more fresh (淡的) water. Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh.
Why aren't there many factories like the Symi factory?
In some places, the sun is not hot enough, or it does not shine every day.
In such places, other ways of heating(加热)sea water can be used. These ways cost more money, but they work faster than the sun. By boiling(煮沸) sea water with high heat, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly. But heating is not the only way to get fresh water from salt water. Other ways are tried.
One way is freezing(冷冻). The fresh part of salt water freezes first. To get fresh water, the bits of ice are taken out. Which way is best? The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different way for each place. Symi's way seems very good for small, hot places. It does not make very much water at a time. But the factory is easy to build and costs little.
That is why people in many dry places talk- about Symi!
1)Fresh water .
A)can be used in many ways B)can be found in many factories C)is needed in every country D)is very important for rectories 2)The symi factory .
A)is a fresh water-making factory B)doesn‘t need sunshine every day C)is a salt factory D)can be built everywhere
3）When we get fresh water from small and hot places, we can choose A)Boiling or heating the sea water B)the way in hotter and drier places C)The symi‘s way D)Freezing the sea water in cold places 4)This passage is mainly about .
A) hot places and dry places B)the ways of making fresh wafer from sea water
C) how to make good use of the sun D)water-making factories in different countries
【趋势预测】环境及环保的话题不仅是当今热门的关注焦点，而是在学生教科书中都得到了充分的体现，人口、风沙、水源、大气污染等各种主题均在考题中频频出现，这也是最应该提醒学生关注的题材之一。 【解题关键】
本文论述了全世界淡水资源缺乏的问题，并介绍了两种重要的提取淡水的方法：蒸煮法和冷冻法。
关于“water”方面的话题，同学们都有感性认识，但究其当中的科学、专业的道理就显得认识不足或不准确，故做这种题材的题目应将自己的认识与文段中科学的阐述结合起来，才能得到最准确的答案。 【答案解析】
1) C 由第一句“many places need more fresh water‖可知 2) A 本文重点读了symi factory的制水方法
3) C 最后一段“symi‘s why seems very good for small hot places‖得出
4) B 本篇文章说了很好，但主要（mainly）读的是“the way to make fresh water from sea water‖
[题目3 ]
Water can be a liquid ,a solid or a gas .When it is a solid, it may be as hard as rock(岩石) .When it is a liquid, you can pour (倒) it out of a container(容器) .When it is a gas, you cannot see it or feel it. When water changes to water vapour ,we say that it evaporates(蒸发) .When water vapour changes to water ,we say that it condenses(凝结) .
Water can change from one form, to another easily. This is why we always have fresh supply (供给) of water .Now let us find out how this is possible. The heat of the sun evaporates water, from the oceans(海洋), seas, rivers and lakes.
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The heat also evaporates water from the ground and from plants and animals. Water vapour is formed. This rises and forms clouds in the air.
When the clouds come near a mountain, they are forced to rise. As the clouds rise, they are cooled. The higher they rise, the more they are cooled. This causes (引起) more and more water vapour to condense . In this way, the tiny(微小) drops of water in the clouds get bigger and bigger until they are heavy enough to fall to the earth as rain .
Some rain water which fails on the earth is again evaporated by the sun's heat. Some of it sinks into the ground. It may be used up by thirsty plants. It may reach a well (水井) or a spring(泉) . Most of the water goes back to the rivers, seas and oceans. This process(过程) then starts all over again . This process is called the water cycle.
Questions:
1) How many forms does water have?
A) Only one B)Two C)Three D)Four
2) Which of the followings shows the wafer condenses? A) A liquid changes to a solid B)A solid changes into a gas C) A gas changes to liquid D)A solid is heated 3)The tiny drops of water are called rain when . A) water vapour condenses B)water vapour forms clouds
C) they are in the clouds D)they are big enough to fall to the earth
4) The rain wafer that sinks into the ground is than as that goes back to the rivers, seas and oceans. A)more B)less C)the same D)as much
【趋势预测】本篇阅读材料是一篇纯科普性的物理知识，里面的专业术语比较多，这正是中考题中逐渐尝试使用的一种考查方法。但专业术语，有绝大部分可以在上下文中语境暗示中找到较为合理的解释。本篇文章讲述了“水循环”这一物理知识，学生们对此基本有了自己的认识，理解起来应该不太难。 【解题关键】
本文介绍了水的三种变化：固态、液态、气态。第一段介绍了三态形式以及相互的变化。第二段介绍了海水因为太阳加热变成水蒸气进而形成云。下一段介绍了雨的形成。最后介绍了地面上的雨的不同的用途。
解决此种类型题目时需注意两点：①没必要也不可能将术语全部翻译出来，只要用“记号”的形式界定他们之间的区别即可，如“liquid、solid、gas、vapour等②时刻留念上下文的相互补充释义，尽可能地找到这些术语的定义，哪怕是一些朴素或不精确的解读。
【答案解析】1)C)开篇第一句就给出了水的动态形式
2) C 由 ―when water vapour changes to water we say that it condenses‖这一句得出，但要搞清“gas‖与“vapour‖，“ water‖与 ―liquid‖的对应关系。
3) D 第三段最后一句“‖until they are heavy enough??”可知 4) B 最后一段“some of it sinks?”“most of the water goes back‖两句，对此“some‖与“most‖的量的区别，不难得出。
[题目4 ] When you cut your skin(皮肤), you bleed(流血). If a person loses a lot of blood, he will become ill and may die. Blood is very important. People have always known that. At one time, some people even drank blood to make them strong!
When doctors understand how blood goes around inside the body, they try ways of giving blood to people who need it. They take blood from the healthy people and give it to people who need it. This is called\输血)\
But there are two problems. First, it does not always work. Sometimes people die when they have blood transfusion.
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Later, doctors find that we do not all have the same kind of blood. There are four groups ( 类 ) --O, A, B and AB. We all have blood of one of these groups. They also find that they can give any kind of blood to people of group AB. But they find that they must give A-group blood to A-group people and B-group blood to B-group people. I have O-group blood and the doctor told me that I could give blood to anyone else safely,
There is another problem. To give blood of the right kind, doctors have to find a person of the right blood group(血型). Often they can not find a person in time. If they have a way to keep the blood until someone needs it, they can always have the fight kind of blood. At first they find they can keep it in bottles for fifteen to twenty days. They do this by making it very cold. Then they find how to keep it longer. In the end they find a way of keeping blood for a very, long time.
We call a place where we keep money a \when you grow up, you may decide to give blood to a ―blood bank‖. In this way you may stop someone from dying. Or perhaps one day you may become ill. You may need blood. The blood bank will give it to you.
Questions:
1) ―Some people even drank blood to make them strong‖, It shows that . A)they had no enough blood B)they hare known that C)they were ill badly D)they lost a lot of blood
2)From the passage, we learn that sometimes people die when they hare blood transfusions because they . A are sick people B)they hare lost a lot of blood
C)are not given the right kind of blood D)are AB-group people 3)People set up the ―blood-bank‖ so that they can .
A)give the right kind of blood to the people who need it in tine B)keep different groups of blood as much as possible C)make much money by selling blood D)keep blood warm for being used
5）If a man is one of AB-group people, How may kinds of blood can be given to him? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4 【押中指数】★★★★★
【趋势预测】本篇文章涉及医疗、生理等方面的话题，叙述严谨，内容陌生，这正是中考题所要考查的重点，几乎各省市，中考对此均有涉及。 【解题关键】
本文介绍的是有关人类血性的话提。第一段使人们认识到血液的重要性。第二段介绍了输血的概念。第三段介绍了4种血型以及相互间的关系。最后两段介绍了血液的储存。
解决此类题型的关键时，在阅读时不可时断时续，要一气呵成且对材料中所提及的各种名称，术语要谙记在心，即使不能准确译制出汉意，也要脉络清晰，并相互兼顾，彼此联系，才能最终锁定答案。 【答案解析】
1) B从文中第一段得知人们已得知血液重要性，并且曾一度 ―at one time‖认为饮血可以强身。 2) C 注意文中也出现“sometimes‖一句紧扣材料，是指在输血过程中的死亡，故C最恰当。 3) A第四段明确表述，建血库是为及时供给方便而为之。
4) D 四种血型均可给AB型血供血，原句“they can give any kind of blood to people of group AB‖
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经典题型四、其他题材
[题目1 ]
First, the young dog lives with a. family. They leach the dog about travelling on buses, in cars and on trains without being scared(惊吓). The dog also learns about busy streets and the noise of cars and markets. It learns to keep calm (平静的) when it hears loud noises like firecrackers(鞭炮). If a dog lived with your family, it would watch you cooking and eating, reading, playing, packing your school bag and many more things. Dogs can also go to school to learn how to help people who cannot hear. If a person cannot hear, we say he or she is deaf.
Dogs who help deaf people must learn many different sounds. Then they must be able to show the deaf person what is making the sound. When they hear a visitor at the door, the dog learns to walk to the deaf person and then walk to the door. And if a telephone rings, they walk to the deaf man or woman and then walk to the telephone.
These dogs can also help deaf mothers. If a baby is crying in another room, the dog walks to the mother and then to the baby. These dogs wear a yellow coat to show that they are special dogs that are helping a deaf person.
There have been many times when these dogs have saved a life. You may see in a newspaper that a dog heard a fire alarm and lay down near the deaf person' s feet. That is the sign for danger. The person knows that something is wrong and can go away from the fire.
Special dogs can also held people who are disabled (残废) in various ways. For example, dogs can pull off their gloves or socks! Think how difficult your life would be if you were blind, deaf or disabled! But if you had a special dog like this to help you, your life would be much easier.
Questions:
1) If a young dog lives with a family, it will be taught .
A) about traveling on buses without any fear B)about the noise of markets C) to be calm when if hears lord noises D)All the above
2) Which of the following things is not done by the dogs who help deaf people? A) showing what is making the sound B)Telling that someone is at the door C) Showing there is a telephone call D) Finding ways as people‘s eyes 3)When there is some danger for a deaf man ,the dog will . A) bark loudly B)pull off the man‘s gloves or socks B) walk to a telephone D)lie down near his feet 4)This passage is mainly about how dogs help .
A deaf people B disabled people C blind people D women and children
【趋势预测】中考题中经常会对人类与动物之间故事的话题进行考查，它涉及的内容比较单纯而有趣，这类文章在教科书中选用不少，同时，它又具有较强的思想道德方面的教育，培养学生人与动物的和谐统一的思想认识，故其考查指数也非常高。 【解题关键】
本文介绍了人类的朋友－狗的用途。开篇介绍了狗在不同的场所应该具有不同的表现。下面又分别介绍了狗是如何帮助聋人、报火警及残疾人的。
解决此类题目时，要根据具体内容而定，若是以记述为主的故事性文章，则要紧扣故事进展顺序；若是以科学分析为主的纪实性文章，则要紧扣文字叙述的本身；本篇文章属于后者，所以，要严谨扣题，如实作答，不可按自己认为合情合理的臆断做题。 【答案解析】
1) D 从开篇的四句话中可找到标准答案。
2) B文章中整个第二段叙述了“how the dogs help deaf people”只有“B”（当作人们的眼睛）这一项没涉及。 3) D文章第四段“??lay down near the deaf person‘s feet. That is the sing for danger‖可得出。
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