曲线的渐近线为
y??bxa
x2?1y?x?1,下面考察两个极限 5.解:由题可知曲线方程为
f(x)x2?1k?lim?lim?1x??x???xx(x?1)x2?1)b?lim[f(x)?kx]?lim(?x)?1x???x???x?1
曲线在x???时,曲线的渐近线为y?x?1, 同理在x???时,曲线的渐近线也是y?x?1, 在x??时,曲线的渐近线为y?x?1
26.解:(1)由题意已知y?f(x)?x?3x?1
f(x)x2?3x?1k?lim?lim???x???x???xx考察极限
2y?x?3x?1在x???时无渐近线。 所以抛物线
(2)由题意知y?f(x)?sinx,考察极限
b?lim(sinx?0)x??k?limx???f(x)sinx?lim?0x???xx
所以正弦曲线y?sinx在x??时渐近线不存在。
习题3.6
9.???0,???0 当0?|x?x0|??时,|f(x)?A|?? 10.???0,???0 当0?x0?x??时,|f(x)?A|?? 11.???0,???0 当0?x?x0??时,|f(x)?A|?? 12.???0,???0 当0?x?(??)??时,|f(x)?A|?? 13.???0,???0 当0?x?(??)??时,|f(x)?A|?? 14.???0,???0 当0?x????时,|f(x)?A|??
习题3.7
3.求下列极限。
?1?limxx?0???x??10..
?1??1?1?1??????1,????解:函数?x?的一个性质是:?x?x?x?由此可见 ?1??1?x???1?x???x?x? ?x? (x>0) ?1?1?x?x???1?x? (x>0) 于是
令x?0,由夹逼原理可知,所给极限存在并且等于1成立。
?a?limxx?0???x???11..
?1??1?1?1??????1,????xx解::函数??的一个性质是:??x?x?由此可见 ?a??a?x???1?x???x?x? ?x? (x>0) ?a?a?x?x???a?x?于是 (x>0)
令x?0,由夹逼原理可知,所给极限存在并且等于a成立。 12.x?0limxsin1x
11?1xsinx?0。 x,所以当x?0时,
?解:因为即x?0limxsin?1?sin1x=0.
13.
x?0limxcos?1x=0.
2x1?x2limlim3414.x??1?x=x??4x=0
2x1?x2limlim2x??1?x3=x??3x=0
1.
习题3.9
ln(1?ax)aln(1?ax)?lim?a
x?0ax?0xaxsin2x2sin2x?lim?2 3.limx?02x?0x2xarcsinxx?lim?1 4.limx?0x?0xx1sin1x?1 5.limxsin?limx??x1?01xx2.lim6.
2sin1?cosxlim?limxxx?022x?02x2?2limx?0xsin[2]x2?12
7.
u?1?x?1limu?0x?0
limx?01?x?1u1ln(1?x)1?lim?x?0xln(u?1)2x28.
u?101?x?1limu?0x?01ln(u?1)101?x?1u101lim?lim.?x?0x?0xxln(1?x)10
9.
u?(1?2x)limu?0x?0a(1?3x)b?1
limx?0(1?2x)(1?3x)x2ab?1?limualn(1?2x)?bln(1?3x)??2a?3bx?0ln(1?u)x10.
u?(1?x)1?3x?1limu?0x?0
2(1?x)limx?012ln(1?x)?ln(1?3x)1?3x?1u132?lim??x?0ln(u?1)xx611.
令x???t,则limt?0,
x??原式为limt?0sin(mt?m?),
sin(nt?n?)sin(mt?m?)sinmtntmm?lim??? t?0sin(nt?n?)sinntmtnn当m、n奇偶性相同时原式为limt?0当m、n奇偶性不同时原式为lim12. 令x?t?sin(mt?m?)sinmtntmm?lim?????
t?0sin(nt?n?)t?0sinntmtnn?3,
?tsin(x?)cossint33?lim2 lim?lim??1?2cosxt?0t?0?tt3x?1?2cos(t?)sin?3cos332213. 令x?t??4,
2t?11cos2tcos2tsint2coslim?tan(?t)?lim?lim? 原式为t?02t?0sin2tcostt?0sin2t22cost14.
证明
习题3.10
1.(1).lim111?0(x???)?0lim??? (2) (3) lim??x???2xx???2xx??2x???(x???)2. (1)a?1或a??1 (2)?1?a?1
x2?13.解.令y?f(x)?
x?1 因为limf(x)??,所以垂直渐近线为x=-1
x??1?x?1f(x)x2?1?f(x)?x??lim??1 又因为lim?lim??1,limx??x??x?1x??x??xx(x?1) 所以斜渐近线为y=x-1。
x34.解.令y?f?x?=2
x?3x?4 因为limf(x)??,所以x=1是f(x)的一条垂直渐近线
x?1 同理x=-4也是f(x)的一条垂直渐近线
?3x2?4f(x)x2??3 又因为lim??1,lim?f(x)?x??2x??x??x?3x?4x(x?1)(x?4) 所以斜渐近线为y=x-3。 5.解.令y?f(x)?1?e?x221?e?x
因为limf(x)??,所以垂直渐近线为x=0
x?0又因为limx??f(x)?0,lim?f(x)?0??1
x??x所以水平渐近线为y=1
6.证.因为limcosx?1,所以lim1?cosx?0
x?0x?0所以1?cosx??(x) (x?0)。 7.见p99例1 8.见p99例2 9.见p100例1 10.见p101例3