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any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had inthe times past. 72. 必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不
可能再出现了。
(73) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that weare heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 73. 食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入
危机。
(74) This will be particularlytrue since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy Americanfashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 74. 这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式
继续下去了，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
(75) Until such time as mankind has the senseto lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 75. 除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，
否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
1992年考研英语
(71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there ison how to interpret or classify them. 71. 人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不
同的看法。
(72)To criticize it for such failure isroughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 1993年考研英语
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72. 批评智力测试不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能测风速一样。
(73)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure thatthe scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. 73. 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我
们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
(74)The first two must be equal for all who arebeing compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 74. 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一
样的。
(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only ifthe child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whomhe is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which theypossessed. 75. 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个
孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而受影响。
1993年考研英语
(71)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessarymode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasonedabout and given precise and exact explanation. 71. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给
以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
(72)It is not that the scales inthe one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or mannerof working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course 1994年考研英语
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much more accurate in itsmeasurement than the former. 72. 这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上
存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。
(73)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Naturecertain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up theirtheories. 73. 你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义
上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。
(74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by nomeans compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 74. 许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程
必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
(75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day hadoccasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena. 75. 在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考
活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完全一样的。
1994年考研英语
(71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques andtools. 71. 他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改
进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
(72) “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”
72. 新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列
1995年考研英语
器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
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(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 73. 工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想
家们忽视了。
(74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. 74. 伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行
星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。
(75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 75. 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往
往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
1995年考研英语
71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 71. 把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来
自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 72. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适
1996年考研英语
宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
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73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 73. 因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用，
须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. 74. 一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测
的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 75. 例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，
如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
1996年考研英语
71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonableconsequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 71. 在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求；另一些则是由于科学在一定程度
上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
72)This trendbegan during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that thespecific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generallybe foreseen in detail. 72. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构