2007年考研英语（一）
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independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进
行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
2007年考研英语（一）
(46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知
识素养的必要组成部分。
(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 47. 另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻
的做法是相同的。
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 48. 新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确
立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
(49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. 49. 事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政
治新闻的报道工作。
(50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 50. 尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理
解自行做出判断。
2008年考研英语（一）
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2008年考研英语（一）
(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 46. 他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长
时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
(47)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 47. 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方
面根本不可能有大的作为。
(48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
48. 另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺
乏根据的。
(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”
49. 他又自谦的说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细观察方面优于
常人”。
(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 50. 达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力，
更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
2009年考研英语（一）
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2009年考研英语（一）
(46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
46. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的
作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。
(47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
47. 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性
因素的过程则更为缓慢。
(48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
48. 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在
与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
(49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 49. 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要
考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 50. 这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形
式，即直接讲授或学校教育。
2011年考研英语（一）
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2011年考研英语（一）
46.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share---that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts---and reveal its erroneous nature。
【参考译文】我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。
47.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”
【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉，但事实上，我们却总是面临一个问题：我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情，实现那个目标呢？
48.This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom。
【参考译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口，使剥削合理化，令上层人优越，底层人卑微。
49.circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation。 【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能，如果我们总感觉“上天不公”，那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。
50.The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
2012年考研英语（一）
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【参考译文】积极的一面是，既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。以前，我们能够熟练应对种种局限；现在，我们把握着未来的可能。
2012年考研英语（一）
(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. 46.在物理学领域，一种做法把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端，试图寻找包含一切的理论——一个涵括我们所看到的一切的生成性公式。
(47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 47.这里，达尔文学说似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为有限的起源。
(48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. 48.从共有特征中滤出独有特征，这使我们得以理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，并从进化或认知角度理解什么引导了它的走向。
(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints. 49.第二次努力——由乔舒亚·格林堡做出——采用更为经验主义的方法来研究语言的普遍性，确定了多种语言（尤其在语法词序方面）的共有特征，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制产生的倾向。
(50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. 50.乔姆斯基的语法应该显示出语言变化的模式，这些模式并不受语言谱系或贯穿谱系路径的影响；而格林堡式的普遍性则预言了特定的语法词序关系类型之间所存在的紧密互依性。