1997年考研英语
提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
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73)This seems mostlyeffectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but ofpossible consequence in the future. 73. 给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个
问题。
74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
74. 然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 75. 同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
1997年考研英语
71) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认
识并不存在。
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 72. 有些哲学家论证说, 权利只存在在于社会契约中, 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be 1998年考研英语
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treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 73. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人
类自身一样关切体谅, 要么完全冷漠无情。
74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 74. 这类人持极端看法, 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同, 对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 75. 这种反应并不错, 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用, 这种本能应得到鼓励,
而不应遭到嘲弄。
1998年考研英语
71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 71. 更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是
150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 72. 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主
导地位所不可缺少的。
73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne 1999年考研英语
28
instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 73. 天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久
会报告他们的观测结果。
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 74. 假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更
完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 75. 宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信
的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
1999年考研英语
71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 71. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是
试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 72. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界
并不认为历史是一门学问。
73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. 2000年考研英语（一）
29
73. 在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究
方法。
74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 74. 所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的
研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 75. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人
士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
2000年考研英语（一）
71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 71. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领
域专家的协助。
72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 72. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高
则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. 73. 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，
2001年考研英语（一）
由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
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74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
74. 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变
革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselvesmade relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
75. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动 (现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易) 造成的种种问题
也会对社会造成新的压力。
2001年考研英语（一）
71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 71. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车
排污超标 (违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 72. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而
不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。
73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 73. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出
了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。