When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行） I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程） We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）
We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成） We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行） 2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语
wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on
注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语
advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时 ①What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A. permit to take
B. forbid to be taken D. insist being taken
C. allow to take
②I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all. A. to smoke…smoking C. to smoke…to smoke 答案：BB
3. 在think, consider, find等动词后常用to be +adj. 结构作宾语补足语，有时to be省略。
We all discover him (to be) kind and honest. 4.几个特别的结构
▲have+宾语+do/doing/done
①“ have + 宾语+ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。 ②“have +宾语+ doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。
Don’t have the dog barking much, Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
③“ have + 宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了??，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作
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B. smoking…to smoke D. smoking…smoking
宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。 ▲get+宾语+to do/doing/done
三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？ Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 ▲catch sb. doing sth逮住某人干某事
If she catches me reading her diary, she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤
怒的。
▲make + oneself + done
oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
（五）非谓语作定语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
分类 形式 to do to be done 现在 分词 过去 分词 doing being done done 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 动宾关系 “the last/next/first...” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系 被动关系 主动关系 被动关系 被动关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 在谓语动作后发生 在谓语动作前或者后发生 在谓语动作后发生 与谓语动作同时进行 与谓语动作同时进行 在谓语动作之前发生 存在的状态或情况 不定式 It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。 He was the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。
The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。
The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）
The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的）
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The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的） I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。 2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢
When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味
着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George, it 指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。
（六）非谓语作状语的重点
1.理解下表中所列的关系
非谓语 doing（一般式）作状语 having done（完成式） 作状语 having been done（完成被动式）作状语 done（过去分词）作状语 与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系 主动关系 主动关系 被动关系 被动关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 （几乎）与谓语动作同时进行 先于谓语动作发生 先于谓语动作发生 已经在过去发生或是 不十分强调时间概念 Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine. Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.
Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory.
Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.
2.too…to…, enough to do…, only to…等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。
The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。
They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。 注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或
必然的结果。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
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The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则
使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。
_____from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see
【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是
被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。
对比：Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则
常见的的有：considering…(鉴于/考虑到??)，judging by/from…(从??来看，依据??来判断)，supposing that…(假定??)，providing that… (假定??)，according to…(依据??)，including…(包括??)，owing to…(由于??)，talking/speaking of…(谈及??)
given…(考虑到??), provided that…(如果??) 4.独立主格结构和with复合结构
▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词
I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. 今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。 Weather permitting, I’ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday. 如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。 ▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词
With a lot of difficult problems to settle ,the newly —elected president is having a hard time.
有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。
The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.
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每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。
Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。
With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。
（七）不定式的省略
不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是对不定式符号“to”的省略（如：make sb. do sth等）；另一种则是不定式符号“ to ”后省略实义动词的形式。这儿讲的是第二种情况（又称不定式符号to的替代作用）。
常见情形有：
①would/should like/love to, used to, have to, ought to, be going to, be able to, be willing to 等后面的to均
为不定式符号，重复时可省略to后该不定式短语。如： — Could you lend me your dictionary? 能把你的词典借给我吗？ — I’d like to (lend you my dictionary). 行。
②动词afford, agree, expect, forget, hope, intend, manage, need, pretend, refuse, try, want,
wish等后面常
接不定式短语作宾语，重复时可省略to后该宾语。如：
You may ask him for help if you want to (ask him for help). 如果你愿意，可以请他帮
你。
③动词allow, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, tell, persuade等后面常接不
定式短语作宾语
补足语，重复时可省略to后该宾语补足语。如：
I’ll go to her birthday party if she invites me to (go to her birthday party). 如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会，我会去。
（八）非谓语动词的逻辑主语
一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。
①当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也
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