③The storm left ,_____ a lot of damage to this area .
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause
D. having caused
【解析】答案为D。因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不
定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。
④“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _________ away. A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. ran
【解析】答案为B。“running away”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作,
故用现在分词。
⑤
to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
B. Failed?
C. To fail
D. Having failed
A. Fail
【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮
件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。
⑥
around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008
Olympic Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown D. To show
【解析】答案为C。“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”
构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。
⑦_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
【解析】答案为A。“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb./oneself（表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。
“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。
⑧______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
【解析】答案为A。句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示过
去的事情, 所以排除D项。
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①Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______.
A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job
【解析】答案为A。根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。
②_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking C. Generally speaking
B. Speaking general D. Speaking generally
【解析】答案为C。分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。 ③___ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing
D. When compared
【解析】答案为D。分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。
从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选B或C项，则就是“垂悬分词”。
1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构
①It was foolish ______you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for
B. of
C. about
D. from
【解析】答案为B。本句可以改成：You were foolish to give up…。形容词与非谓语动词之
间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
②To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_____. A. to never break C. never to have broken
B. never to be broken D. never to be breaking
【解析】答案为B。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。
③The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
【解析】答案为C。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。
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2.动词不定式的省略结构
①—What’s the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _. A. hopes to
B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for
【解析】答案为A。在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式“to”之后的内容省略。 ②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? — , but I promised Nancy to go out with her. A. I’d like to
B.I like it C.I don’t D.I will
【解析】答案为A。简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。 ③In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than A. that used to be
B. it is used to
.
D. it used to be
C. it was used to
【解析】答案为D。表示 “过去常常??”用“used to do”。本题中“be”为连系动词，不
是实义动词，不能省略。
3.不定式的几个特别句型
①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______ .
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
【解析】答案为C。“疑问词+不定式”作动词“knows”的宾语，而to do with sth.意为“处
置、对付”是固定搭配。“it”是“with”的宾语指“the land”。“what to do with it”当于宾语从句“what the government should do with it”。
②I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
.
D. being breathed
【解析】答案为B。在“主语+be+adj.+to do”句型中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 ③—Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
【解析】答案为A。在“Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的
动作在谓语动词前面发生，动词不定式要用完成式。
④The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.
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A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
【解析】答案为C。在“Sb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动
词后面发生，动词不定式要用一般式。
4.动名词的复合结构和否定结构
①_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend C. The president attended
B. The president to attend D. The president’s attending
【解析】答案为D。此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the president’s”为名词
所有格充当动名“attending”的逻辑主语。
②— They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed________ at meals. A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
【解析】答案为D。词组“be accused to （习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名
词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。
③The news of _______ greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent. A. not his having elected C. his not being elected
B. not his being elected D. his not having elected
【解析】答案为C。如果将D选项改成“his not having been elected”也对。 注意：现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。
_______the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing not completed 【答案】C。
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D.
Having
5.独立主格结构与with复合结构
①The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched D. to be launched
C. being launched
【解析】答案为B。独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“the most recent”
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与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。
②The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
【解析】答案为B。根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用
过去分词。
③—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
【解析】答案为B。“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且强调此时状
态, 故用现在分词。
④John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
【解析】答案为A。“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动
且已经完成。
2009年
1.（全国卷I）The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at 【答案】B
【解析】句意：当那位著名的女演员进教室的时候，孩子们一下子都转过去看她。不要
把“to”和“turn”联系在一起理解为“turn to （转向，求助）”的词组，该词组中的“to”是介词。本题是不定式作目的状语。
2.（全国卷I）Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking 【答案】C
【解析】句意：既然我们讨论了我们的问题，那么人们满意所作的决定吗？The decisions
和take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
3.（全国卷II）They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.
B. take
C. taken
D. to take
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
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