Unit 1 Great Scientists
Teaching Goals:
1. Enable the Ss to familiar with some famous scientists and their contributions. 2. Enable the Ss to learn how to organize a scientific research.
3. Let the Ss learn the reading skill of getting the main idea of each para./ part & each passage .
Difficult points
1. How to grasp the main idea of each paragraph / part & each passage.
2. How to help the Ss use what they‘ve learnt to do first aid treatment for burns correctly.
Teaching methods
1. Skimming & scanning methods to make the Ss get a good understanding of the text. 2.Discussion methods to make the Ss understand what they‘ve learned in class.
3.Pair work of group to get every student to take part in the teaching-and-learning activities. 4.Competition and role-play method to arouse the Ss‘ interest
Teaching process:
Period 1 Word study, Warming up, pre-reading Pre-class task:
1. Preview new vocabulary of Unit 1, and especially pay attention to the pronunciation of the new word 2. Finish the quiz in Warming up( p1) in groups of four by referring to books or surfing the net. Step 1 Learning Goals
Get Ss to go through the summing up form on p 8 in order to have a general idea of the learning goals of Unit 1
Step 2 Word Study
1. (Pair work) Get Ss to learn the new words and phrases on p92 within 3 mins, by reading them aloud to each other to make sure that they can pronounce the words correctly----? Get Ss to read aloud the words in pairs by turns, e.g. 1 pairs read 4 words then go to next pair
2. Practice Use the correct form of the words to fill in the blanks. n. infection examination=exam science /scientist conclusion analysis defeat value instructor/instruction contribution /contributor creation calculation movement completion enthusiasm
v. Infect examine X conclude analyse defeat Value(估价，评价) instruct contribute create calculate move complete X 1
adj. Infectious X scientific X X X valuable Instructive(有益的，教育性的) contributive creative X movable completive(完成的，完全的) enthusiastic Step 3. Warming up (Group competition and introduce the great scientists) 1.Check the answers to the quiz to find out which group know the most . 2.Introduce the great scientists.
1) Archimedes (287—212 BC) Ancient Greek. He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. ―Give me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth.‖ ----Archimedes
2) Charlie Darwin(1808-1882) British naturalist. The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. His book showed that people had developed from apes.
3) Gregor Mendel(1822—1884) Czech. The father of genetic. He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity (遗传) and inherited characteristics. Between 1856—1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance.
4) Marie Curie ( Polish ) (1867-1934) was born in Poland, moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics there. She married Pierre Curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her death in 1934 was almost certainly due to radiation in her work.
5) Thomas Edison(1847----1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible. 6) Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) (1452-1519)He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine (潜水艇) and a flying machine.
7) British. He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.(麻醉药) In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.
8) Zhang Heng ,Chinese( 78-----139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.
9) Stephen Hawking,British(1942--- ) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across. Step 4 Pre-reading
1. (Pair work) What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? Give reasons.
clever/talented strict patient creative determined/strong-willed positive honest energetic intelligent/hard-working ambitious careful co-operative confident brave 2. (Group work) Ex2, p1
Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?
8)Draw a conclusion 3)Think of a method 4)Collect results 5)Make up a question 1)Find a problem 5)Analyse the results 6)find supporting evidence 7)Repeat if necessary Step 5. Summary
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are three pillars (支柱，要素) of learning. learning without thought is a labour lost; thought without learning is perilous(危险的) 3. To know the disease is half the cure. 找出病根等于医治了一半。
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Step 6 Homework
1. Preview the reading passage John Snow Defeats ―King Cholera‖(p2)
2. Speaking task (p46) write some key words to the Qs to help your talk on your book and prepare to introduce the scientist you admire most to the class 3. Read notes ①--⑨ to Unit 1, p76-77 4. Listening exercise P41,Ex 1&2
Period 2 Fast Reading (P2) Step 1 Homework checking p41 Listening Step 2 Lead in
1.Invite 2-3 Ss to introduce the scientists they admire most to the class 2. Background introduction to John Snow
John Snow (1813-1858) was born and worked as a doctor in Great Britain. He was originally an anesthetist(麻醉师).He was so famous that he became the doctor for Queen Victoria at the births of her many children.Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom began. It was so violent and sudden that 127people died in the first three days.
3.Give information of the deadly disease cholera
1) What infectious diseases do you know? (AIDS, SARS, Bird Flu, grippe，pig-borne disease 猪链球菌) 2) What kind of disease is it ? Name Symptom(症状) Aftereffect(后果) cholera severe vomit (呕吐) and diarrhoea (腹泻) die quickly from a loss of liquid Step 3 Fast Reading：
Read the text quickly and find out the answers to these two questions and the main idea of each paragraph. 1）What was the cause of this disease ? 2)How did John Snow find it out?
Para 1: the problem Para 2: the cause----two theories Para 3: the method Para 4: the discovery Para 5: the result and conclusion Para 6: the suggestion Show pictures of water pump and teach handle
Careful reading: Read the text carefully and fill in the chart (Ex 1, p3) Step 4 Discussion
1. (Group work) Discuss how John Snow investigate cholera. Put the stages in examining the disease in the right order. Para. Stages in an experiment Examples in this investigation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Find a problem Make up a question Think of a method Collect results Analyse results Repeat if neccessary Draw a conclusion What cause colera? Which theory is correct? Collect data on those who were ill or died and where to get water Plot information on a map to find out where people die or didn‘tdie Analyse the water to see if that was the cause of the illness Find out evidence to confirm you conclusion The water is to blame 2. P3, Ex2, Q3: Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give your reasons.
Step VI. Homework
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1)Finish P4, Ex 1,2(on SB) Ex3 make sentences on exercisebook (make one‘s way to, make up one‘s mind, make sure, make room for)
2)Find out the phrases according to the Chinese (part 1 on the paper for language points) 3)Retell the story John Snow Defeats ―King Cholera‖ by following the 7 steps on p1 4. Read notes to Unit 1, p78-79, find out some difficult points while reading the text
Period 3 1.Learn expressions & phrases
2.Learn.language points ：Difficult and Important Points:
1）Language points 2）The usage of ―suggest & in addition‖ Teaching Methods: Presentation & Practice Teaching Procedures:
Step I Homework checking. Step II. Expressions & phrases
1.know about… 了解……的情况 东西 2.lift up 举起;抬起;提升 25. die of… 死于… 3.steam engine 蒸汽机 26. announce with certainty 肯定地宣布 4.physical characteristic 人体的特征 27. polluted water 被污染的水 5.put forward a theory about black holes 28. prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人干某事
提出一个有关黑洞的理论 29. deal with… 处理……
6. infectious disease 传染性的疾病 30. solve the problem 解决难题
Expressions & Phrases (2) 7. in scientific research 在科学研究上
8. examine a new scientific idea 1.come to an end 到了尽头
验证一个新的科学思想 2.find the cause of this illness 找出疾病的起因
9. draw a conclusion 得出结论 3.look into… 调查…… 10. analyze the results 分析结果 4.apart from…除…之外;此外 (=except for…) 11. a well-known doctor 一个著名的医生 5.prepare for… 预备好…. 12. ordinary people 百姓;普通人 6.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 13. expose (…)to sth. 暴露(…..)在……中 7.a revolutionary theory 一个革命性的理论 14. the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病 8.lead to… 通向…. ;导致… (注意:to为介词) 15. terrified people 被吓坏的人们 9.make sense 有意义 16. get interested in sth./doing sth.对…产生兴趣 10. at times =sometimes 有时候 17. absorb sth. into… 把….吸收入…. 11. contribute to sth. 有助于;促进 18. gather the information 收集信息 12. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 19. determine to do sth. 决心干某事 13. point of view 观点 20. a valuable clue 一条珍贵的线索 14. living conditions 居住条件 21. the water pump 水泵 15. break… in/into pieces 把…摔成碎块 22. in addition (to…) 除..…之外还有… 16. be devoted to sth./sb.专致于.; 关心;挚爱… 23. link … to … 将…和…联系起来 17. devote one‘s life to doing sth. 献身于….. (be linked to…) 18. curved line 曲线 24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 叫某人送19. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 Step IV. Language Points 1.discover & invent
discover v. ― 发现‖ 被探索或被揭示的事物早已客观存在着.
Eg. 1)Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲. 2)Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭?
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invent v. ―发明‖,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.
Eg.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?
2.who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?
the way of doing sth.= the way to do sth … ―做…..的方法‖
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她教给我们清洗它的办法. the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略. Eg.I don‘t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your father. 我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语:
by the way 顺便说 by way of … 通过……的方法，经，由 lose one‘s way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想 feel one‘s way 摸黑走,谨慎从事 on one‘s way to…在去…的路上 in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法
3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论? put forward
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等) (2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
Eg.May I put your name forward as our monitor? 我能否提名你当我们的班长? put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单; put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造 put up with… 忍受…… ?You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you‘ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off 4.This was the most deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly (adj.)
adj. (1).dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon
(2). highly effective against sth. or sb不强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论 (3)aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人 adv. (1). Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 (2). like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白
5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. expose在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为―患霍乱的‖. 如:The book written by Luxun is very popular. expose v.
(1)to make visible 暴露 ―expose ….to….‖ eg.He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of …揭露;揭发 eg.He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋. I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他. expose to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.
every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为―每次,每当‖,如:
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
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