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Public transport 公共交通
Ride乘坐 Driver司机 Cab/Taxi 出租汽车，的士 Shuttle bus穿梭大巴 Rental Car租车 Metro/MTR/Subway地铁 Train 火车 Fare 费用 Taxi Meter 计程器
Health problems，Emergency Services，Health Care Personnel 健康问题，紧急服务，个人健康
Cold 寒冷 Doctor 医生 fire department消防局 headache 头疼 dentist 牙医 hotel security 酒店保安 clinic 医务室 toothache 牙疼
Directions 方向
this way 这边 turn right 向右转 at the end of the corridor 在这条走廊的尽头处 below 在…下面 right 右边 behind 后面 next to… 在…旁边 around the corner在角落附近 back this way 往回走 towards 在…前面 behind 在…后面 South 南
West 西
SPA 水疗
Sauna 桑拿 Manicure 修指甲 Facial 面部护理 body massage 按摩
Dolphin Sauna大白豚桑拿
ambulance 救护车 flu 流行性感冒 nurse 护士 police 警察 stomach ache 胃痛 diarrhea 腹泻 pharmacist 药剂师 first aid 急救
turn left 向左转 straight ahead 一直走 above 在…上面 Left 左边 In front 在…前面 in front of在…前面 near 在旁边 underneath在…下面 go past 走过 block 街区/堵住 North 北
East 东
hot tub 泡澡 pedicure 修脚 foot massage 洗脚
beauty center 美容中心
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Health & Fitness 康体
GYM 健身房 working out 健身 driving range 高尔夫练习场 running machine跑步机 shower 淋浴 shorts 短裤
swimming cap 泳帽
Approaching a stranger 与陌生人交流用语
Hello. May I ask you something? 你好，能问你些问题吗？ Excuse me. 打搅了。
Sorry to bother you, Sir.
打搅您真不好意思，先生。
Laundry 洗衣
Washer 洗衣机 dry clean 干洗 tear 撕开
fade 褪
Basic vocabulary 基础词汇
Service 服务 Tip 小费 Highway 公路 Street 街 Entrance 入口 look for 找 buy 买 average 平均 Availability 有效性 Reconsider 重新考虑 Business travelers 商务旅客 money exchange 换外汇
Exchange currencies / change money货币兑换 enjoy-your-stay祝你来访期间过得愉快！
Fitness training健身锻炼 lifting 举重 swimming pool泳池 weighing scales体重计 towel 毛巾
swimming costume泳衣
dryer 烘干机 rip 裂口 stain
染
contact 联系 Luxury 华贵、奢侈 road 路 exit 出口 sign 标记 sell 卖 strategy 策略 Registration 登记 Upgrade 升级
Leisure travelers 休闲旅客 Impulse 推动 Exchange rate 汇率
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Chinese & English grammar differences
1) There are some major differences in the language structures of English and Chinese.
Chinese has much less grammar than English and, being ideograph-based, cannot alter the ?spelling? of a word to express a change in meaning as we do in English.
Chinese has no prefixes or suffixes as in English, and instead uses auxiliary words to express moods, cases, tenses and voices.
A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning.
Here are some examples of English prefixes: a- (aside, aback, aglow) glow = 光亮 aglow = 发亮的 ab- (abstract, absorb,) sorb = 吸附 absorb = 吸收 anti- (anti-aircraft, anti-climax) aircraft = 航空器 anti-aircraft = 防空用的
Here are some examples of English suffixes:
Inflectional suffixes:
Inflection changes grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category.
In the example: The weather forecaster said it would clear today, but it hasn't cleared at all. the suffix -ed inflects the root-word clear to indicate past tense.
Here are some inflectional suffixes in present day English: S ed ing en ?s er est n't
e.g. Finish finishing finished finishes finisher -
Derivational suffixes: In the example:
\ the suffix -ly modifies the root-word clear from an adjective into an adverb. Derivation can also form a semantically distinct word within the same syntactic category. In this example:
\like clearish!\
The suffix -ish modifies the root-word clear, changing its meaning to \clear, but not very clear\
Some derivational suffixes in present day English: ize rational (rationalize) fy stuff (stuffy) ly skillful (skillfully) able favor (favorable)
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ful color (colorful) less loss (lossless) ment improve (improvement) al recreation (recreational) 2) 2. Chinese has almost no use for small words like prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries: in, at, to, of, for..... e.g. – 我想去淘金吧 (I want go Gold Rush bar.) The correct English is: I want to go to the Gold Rush bar. A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. e.g. - The book is on the table. The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against the table. The book is beside the table. She held the book over the table. She read the book during class.
Coordinating Conjunctions:
And but or yet for nor so
(It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling that they all have fewer than four letters. Also, remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So. Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a coordinating conjunction, so what we say about coordinating conjunctions' roles in a sentence and punctuation does not apply to those two words.)
And - \But – “This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.” Or - \or you can fail.\
Yet – “John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is football.”
For – “John thought he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was one of the company's board of Directors.”
Nor – “That is neither what I said nor what I meant.”
So – “Martin is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Smith too.”
? The word 'no' does not exist in Chinese. 'He drink not.' (他喝不？) Correct English should be “Would he like a drink or not”?
? Chinese has no singular and plural. \Using English, we say “One child, two children, three children, etc. ? Chinese has no gender forms, other than words for 'he, she, it' - which have the same pronunciation. There was previously no gender distinction in pronouns in the spoken & written forms of the pronoun 他 (tā) means 'he', 'she' or 'it'.
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However, around the time of the May Fourth Movement, a new written form 她 of the pronoun was created to specifically represent 'she', and 他 is now restricted to meaning 'he'. In writing, 他/她 is used to mean 'he'/'she' (respectively), 它 (tā) to mean 'it' (objects), 牠 (tā) to refer to animals and 祂 (tā) to denote gods. These pronouns are pronounced identically; the difference appears only in writing.
? Chinese has no Nominative or Accusative cases. 'I' and 'me' are the same, as are 'he' and 'him', 'she' and 'her'.
? Chinese has no Genitive case in either verbs or nouns: One word (de) is used to indicate possession. 'I = me & I de (的)' is 'my' or 'mine'. Etc. e.g – My best friend is in USA. That money is mine.
? Chinese has no expressions for Dative, Ablative or Locative cases: 'I give she book.' (我给她书) 'I go store.' (我去商店) 'I live Shanghai.??Thank you answer me'. (谢谢回答我)
Using English, we would say:”I gave her a book” “I will go to the store” or “I live in Shanghai.” Or “thank you for answering me”.
? Chinese verbs do not express time, but simply action, so Chinese has no verb tenses.
Time expressions are done with temporal adverbs.
e.g.:- 'He future travel.' (他将来旅行) 'I tomorrow shop.' (我明天购物)
Using English, we would say: “He will travel in the future” or “I will go shopping tomorrow.”
? Our need for the verb 'to be' is a non-existent concept - 'I am going'; Chinese says, 'I go', or ?I will happy?, （我会开心）or ?We will always together?. （我们会永远在一起）
Using English, we would say: “I will be happy” or “We will always be together.”
? Chinese does not have hundreds of words that function as different parts of
speech with minor variations in spelling, like 'hesitate, hesitant, hesitated, hesitation, hesitating ...'. 'Don't be hesitated ...' makes perfect sense in Chinese.
e.g.: - 1. Embarrassment caused me to hesitate. 2. She was hesitant about accepting the invitation. 3. I hesitated before answering the question. 4. She replied without hesitating. 5. Hesitation causes delay.
? Chinese has no negative questions. Never say to a Chinese friend 'You aren't going to the party, are you?' If he?s not going, he will answer, “Yes”. But he should reply “No”.
? There is trouble with large numbers. English has a name for ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and millions.
We have no name for ten thousand or one hundred thousand - we just say 'ten of those back there' or 'one hundred of those back there'.
Chinese has names for ten thousand and one hundred thousand, so translating the cost of a $250,000 house will likely produce either 25 hundred thousands ($2.5 million) or 2.5 ten thousands ($25,000).
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