220T过跨车设计
摘要
铁水运输是冶金企业关键工艺之一，随着钢铁生产工艺的不断发展，钢铁企业的不断发展壮大，铁水运输方式也在不断发展。铁水罐车是钢铁企业铁水运输的重要工具，目前国内铁水罐车主要有 2种：一种是敞口式铁水车，一种是鱼雷形混铁车( 简称鱼雷罐车 )。采用不同的铁水运输车辆，对于钢铁生产节奏和钢铁质量会产生不同的影响。目前的运输方式能否适应钢铁工业的发展是摆在我们面前十分迫切的课题。本论文是设计220T铁水过跨车，首先分析了铁水车的作用，分类以及发展现状与前景。然后多此课题进行设计，主要是对过跨车的小车走行机构的设计，首先，确定过跨车的主要参数。然后，根据主要参数通过计算选择走行机构的电动机，减速器以及轴承。最后，校核车轮轴、减速器的齿轮，计算轴承的使用寿命，并且对其他的主要零件进行校核。
关键词：铁水运输；220T过跨车；行走机构；电动机；立式减速器
The Design of The 220T Hot Metal Cross Car
Abstract
Molten iron transportation process is one of the key metallurgical enterprises，With the steel production process of continuous developed, iron and steel enterprises has grown in strength and the mode of transport of molten iron has been developed. Hot Metal tankers is an important tool for transport iron and steel enterprises. At present, melted iron mainly have two kinds of tanker: One is the exposure of hot metal type vehicles, the other is the torpedo torpedo-shaped vehicle (referred to Torpedoes Tank). Using different molten iron transport vehicles, for the rhythm of steel production and steel quality will cause different effects. Whether the current mode of transport to adapt to the development of iron and steel industry before us is a very urgent topics. This paper is the design of the design of the 220T hot metal cross car. First, we analyze the role of hot metal cars, classification and the development of the status quo and prospects. Second,design this subject,mainly design the walking mechanism of the hot metal cross car. Firstly, determine the main parameters of the hot metal cross car.Secondly,by calculating the main parameters to choose the motor reducer and bearings of the walking mechanism. Finally, check vehicle axle,the gear of the reducer,calculation the life of the bearings,and check other main parts.
Key word ：Hot metal transport；220T cross car；Walking mechanism；Motor；Vertical
reducer
目录
摘要 ........................................................................................................................ I Abstract................................................................................................................. II 1.绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.选题背景及目的 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2.铁水车的种类 ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1.铁水车的种类及特点 ................................................................................... 1 1.3.发展趋势 .................................................................................................................... 4
2.整体方案评述 .................................................................................................... 5
2.1.运行机构的组成和主要型式 .................................................................................... 5 2.2.运行机构的组成 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.2.1.运行机构电动机类型的选择 ....................................................................... 5 2.2.2.减速器的类型选择 ....................................................................................... 6 2.2.3.联轴器选择 ................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4.制动器选择 ................................................................................................... 7 2.2.5.轴承的选择 ................................................................................................... 8
3.力能参数确定 .................................................................................................... 9
3.1.设计参数 .................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.走行机构的电动机·电机功率 ................................................................................... 9 3.3.电动机发热校核 ...................................................................................................... 10 3.4.电动机过载能力校核 .............................................................................................. 11 3.5.走行机构的减速器及传动比 .................................................................................. 12
4.主要零件强度计算 .......................................................................................... 13
4.1.?900主动轮组 ........................................................................................................ 13
4.1.1.轴的校核 ..................................................................................................... 13 4.1.2.精确校核轴的疲劳强度 ............................................................................. 16 4.1.3.键的校核 ..................................................................................................... 22
4.1.5.车轮和轨道的选择计算 ............................................................................. 27 4.2.?900从动轮组 ........................................................................................................ 28 4.3.减速器齿轮的校核 .................................................................................................. 28
5传动系统的润滑 .............................................................................................. 32
5.1润滑方法 .................................................................................................................. 32 5.2润滑系统的选择原则 .............................................................................................. 32 5.3润滑方式的选择 ...................................................................................................... 33
5.3.1减速器的润滑 ............................................................................................. 33 5.3.2轴承的润滑 ................................................................................................. 33
6. 环保与经济性分析 ........................................................................................ 34
6.1.设备的环境保护 ...................................................................................................... 34 6.2.设备经济性分析 ...................................................................................................... 35
结束语 ................................................................................................................. 36 致谢 ..................................................................................................................... 37 参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 38
1.绪论
1.1.选题背景及目的
随着钢铁工业突飞猛进的发展，冶炼方法及冶炼设备也在逐步得以改进。特别是转炉炼钢在我国的发展速度很快，转炉的钢产量和品种不断增加，转炉的容量也在不断扩大。为了提高生产效率，降低能耗，减轻工人劳动强度，保证在几十分钟内炼出合格的钢水，转炉设备及其擂助设备都必须具有较高的机械化和自动化水平。混铁水车及棍铁炉就是其中的主要辅助设备，它们负责向转炉提供铁水。
混铁水车及混铁炉不论在设备结构上还是工艺要求上都有很大不同，但两者的作用是相同的。它们通过本身的动作对贮存的铁水进行化学成份的混均和对铁水的保温，而贮存铁水本身是其最为重要的功能。
1.2.铁水车的种类
1.2.1.铁水车的种类及特点
按铁水罐的几何形状，铁水车可分为如下三种形式。 锥形罐式铁水车
锥形罐式铁水车存在如下缺点：
1）铁水表面积大，热量损失多。铁水罐在每次使用中由于铁瘤的逐渐增加而使容积逐渐减少，一般运送5000~6000 t铁水后就需送去修理。
2）不经济。这种铁水罐的容积较小。采用小容积铁水罐也增加了运输工作量及费用。 3）铁水飞溅损失大。铁水落到小铁水罐中的飞溅损失较大，还增多了每次铁瘤的形成。 我国采用的铁水车结构型式如图1.1所示。铁水罐上部为圆柱形，罐底为半球形。铁水罐由两个铸钢吊架与钢板焊成，罐内壁砌有耐火砖。车架为焊接双弯梁“?”形断面结构，两端有支座支承罐体，通过心盘将负荷传给转向架。这种型式的铁水罐清理废铁和铁瘤以及观察罐内损失情况比较方便，故这种型式的铁水车在我国得到广泛使用，并确定为我国的系列化产品。